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World History > 2022 Fall Semester Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

2022 Fall Semester Exam Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Where did the Black Death originate?

A

Asia

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2
Q

How was the Black Death spread across Europe?

A

Trade/trade routes

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3
Q

What was the death toll of the Black Death?

A

Half of Europe - 50% of population died

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4
Q

What was the Renaissance?

A

Historical period of the rebirth of art and learning

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5
Q

Who was the Medici family?

A

Wealthiest family in Florence

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6
Q

What was the Medici family famous for?

A

Banking

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7
Q

What did the Medici family support?

A

Art during the Renaissance

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8
Q

Patrons

A

People who give money for art of another Renaissance cause

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9
Q

Humanism

A

Focusing on importance of the human rather than spiritual matters

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10
Q

Vernacular

A

A person’s everyday language

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11
Q

How would the ideal “Renaissance Man” be described?

A

A man who was good at art, science, and writing during the Renaissance

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12
Q

What were some of the main arguments in Machiavelli’s “The Prince?”

A

It is acceptable to do bad if it means power is retained. It is better to be feared than loved as a leader.

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13
Q

Indulgence

A

Catholic Church selling the forgiveness of sin

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14
Q

Who invented the printing press?

A

Johanne Gutenbert

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15
Q

What were the effects of the printing press?

A

Books could be printed faster and in the vernacular

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16
Q

Which book was printed first?

A

The Bible

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17
Q

What were John Calvin’s major teachings?

A

The belief that you life and whether you will be saved had already been determined, also known as predestination

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18
Q

Who founded the Jesuits?

A

Ignatius of Loyola

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19
Q

Why did Henry VIII split from the Catholic Church?

A

The Pope would not annul his marriage. Desire for a male heir.

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20
Q

What motivated Europeans to explore?

A

Glory, gold, and God

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21
Q

Mercantilism

A

The belief in the benefits of profitable trading by balance of trade. Being able to sell more products than you buy from other countries.

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22
Q

Bartolomeu Dias

A

Famous explorer of the New World and credited with being first to sail around the Cape of Good Hope

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23
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

The first explorer to circumnavigate the globe

24
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

Sailed for Spain. Sailed west and found the West Indies (Bahamas)

25
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

Conquered the Aztecs in Mexico

26
Q

Conquistador

A

Spanish explorer

27
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

Conquered the Inca in South America

28
Q

What advantages did the conquistadors have over the Native Americans?

A

Horses, more advanced weapons

29
Q

Natives dying from disease caused what?

A

Slavery and less opposition to European explorers

30
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

Exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas

31
Q

What negative effect did the Columbian Exchange have on the Native Americans?

A

Natives were killed by European diseases

32
Q

What were some of the most important goods brought from Europe to Americas and Americas to Europe?

A

From Europe: cows, pigs, sheep, horses, fruit trees, bees
From Americas: potatoes, corn, turkey

33
Q

What were the routes of the Triangular Trade?

A

Between east coast of the US, Western Europe and west coast of Africa

34
Q

What places were involved in the Columbian Exchange and what products/people went where?

A

Slaves were sent from west Africa to the eastern US where raw materials were sent to Europe and manufactured goods from Europe were sent to the US and Europeans colonies in Africa.

35
Q

In the 1700’s what caused the slave trade in Africa to increase?

A

Native population had died due to disease

36
Q

Middle Passage

A

Area between west Africa and the Easter US (Atlantic Ocean) transported slaves

37
Q

What were the effects of the slave trade?

A

African cultures lost their fittest members of society and families were torn apart

38
Q

Geocentric Theory

A

The Earth is the center of the universe

39
Q

Divine right

A

Monarch (king or queen) rules directly from God and not the people

40
Q

Louis XIV

A

King of France that boasted “I am the State”

41
Q

Henry VIII

A

Founder of the Church of England because he wanted to break away from the Catholic Church which allowed him to take their land and money. He also wanted a male heir to the throne and needed to divorce his wife.

42
Q

Elizabeth I

A

Defeated the Spanish Armada twice, one of the greatest and longest-ruling English monarchs, united the country, changed England back to Protestants from Catholicism

43
Q

Peter the Great

A

Wanted to westernize Russia, reduce the power of the nobles, add territory to the Russian State

44
Q

Catherine the Great

A

Ruler of Russia after having her husband kicked out of the country. Was the country’s longest-ruling female, and brought Russia to greater power and size.

45
Q

John Locke

A

British philosopher who is known for his political works. The Second Treatise of Government believing people are selfish and in the natural state all people are equal and independent having natural rights to life, health, liberty, and possessions.

46
Q

Jean Jacques Rousseau

A

French author of the Social Contract, believed man was good by nature but stated that the government should be minimal but freely elected

47
Q

Baron de Montesquieu

A

Wrote the “Spirit of Laws,” believed in separation of powers of government with 3 branches, equal power in the branches with checks and balances

48
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Wrote “Leviathan,” believed humans are selfish and believed in absolute monarch to control the government

49
Q

Voltaire

A

Enlightenment philosopher who believed in freedom of speech, targeted groups of corrupt officials and promoted religious tolerance

50
Q

What was the social system in France prior to the French Revolution?

A

Social system is divided into three estates: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Estates

51
Q

Describe each Estate and the tax system in France.

A

98% of the French people belonged to the 3rd estate which paid ALL of the taxes

52
Q

Why did Louis XVI call a meeting of the Estates General?

A

To determine how many votes each estate would get

53
Q

What is the Declaration for the Rights of Man?

A

Men are born free and remain free with equal rights

54
Q

What happened during the storming of the Bastille?

A

French people broke in to look for gunpowder

55
Q

What is the Reign of Terror?

A

Robespierre hunted for anyone who disagreed with the French government. NO ONE was safe from the guillotine.

56
Q

What is the purpose of the Palace of Versailles?

A

To show the power of Louis XIV and to be an envy to other monarchs

World History (4 decks)

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