2024 ✔️

Question 1

Invasive fungal infections and oomycoses in cats: 1. Diagnostic approach

Question 2

Invasive fungal infections and oomycoses in cats 2. Antifungal therapy

Question 3

Feline ventral abdominal wall angiosarcoma: haemangiosarcoma or lymphangiosarcoma? Clinical and pathological characteristics in nine cases

Answer 3

Rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasms of endothelial cells

Locally aggressive

MST HSA 166d
MST LAS 197d

Histology may dx angiosarcoma - but need IHC to differentiated hemangiosarcoma from lymphangiosarcoma

lymphangiosarcoma
PROX-1 POSITIVE
factor VIII POSITIVE

HSA
PROX-1 negative
factor VIII positive

Question 4

Comparative study of ventilation techniques with supraglottic airway devices in cats: volume-controlled vs pressure-controlled techniques

Answer 4

Supraglottic airway device can be used instead of ETT

Used with both volume and pressure controlled ventilation

Volume controlled preferred for prolonged anesthesia

Question 5

Feline comorbidities: hypersomatotropism-induced diabetes in cats

Answer 5

DM #2 feline endocrinopathy

15-25% develop DM due to growth-hormone induced insulin resistance

Question 6

Ciclosporin oral solution in cats: a retrospective survey of compliance with treatment and adverse effects

Answer 6

57% had AE
- ptyalism
- anorexia
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- gingival hyperplasia

Altered behavior in 64%

Question 7

Effect of tamsulosin on urethral tone in healthy male cats

Answer 7

Did not induce hypotension

Urodynamic testing was not effected by tamsulosin

3.5Fr repeat cath - may cause trauma

Question 8

Comparison of Thames Medical CAT+ Doppler and SunTech Vet 20 oscillometric devices for non-invasive blood pressure measurement in conscious cats

Answer 8

Two devices did not agree in 36%

Oscillometric higher

Question 9

How and why pet cats are fed the way they are: a self-reported owner survey

Answer 9

80% fed commercial diet

Increase in therapeutic diets an raw meat inclusion

Causes for feeding - palability, suspected health benefits, natural

Question 10

Ionized hypercalcemia can resolve with nutritional modification in cats with idiopathic hypercalcemia or chronic kidney disease

Answer 10

Transition cats to diets with less than 200mg Ca per 100kcal and Ca:P ratio less than 1.4 to 1.

90% had decrease in iCa
60% normocalcemic

Question 11

Physical examination and CT to assess thoracic injury in 137 cats presented to UK referral hospitals after trauma

Answer 11

Road traffic accident - most common cause of blunt trauma. 69%

Most common CT abnormalities = atelectasis, contusions, pneumothorax

33% had no PE abnormalities but had findings on CT

Question 12

Identifying the target population and preventive strategies to combat feline obesity

Answer 12

Neutering and early life nutrition matters.

post-gonadectomy 5-12mo = optimal time to target

Question 13

Correlation between aggression at the veterinary clinic and problem behaviors at home for cats in the USA

Answer 13

Aggression at the clinic = more likely to exhibit aggression / anxiety at home

43% of cats have in-clinic aggression

Less vet aggression in multi-cat households

Question 14

Bicavitary effusion in cats: retrospective analysis of signalment, clinical investigations, diagnosis and outcome

Answer 14

Neoplasia and cardiac most common = 20% each

MST 3d
Neoplasia 2x risk of death

Pedigree status - more likely to die

Question 15

Evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of grapiprant compared with robenacoxib in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy in a prospective, randomized, masked, non-inferiority clinical trial

Answer 15

Galliprant noninferior to Onsior

Question 16

Impact of stress on the tear production of healthy cats

Answer 16

Stress increased tear production

Question 17

Comparison of Doppler ultrasonic sphygmomanometry, oscillometry and high-definition oscillometry for non-invasive blood pressure measurement in conscious cats

Answer 17

Doppler - easy and reliable

More stressful to use doppler but didn’t impact results.

Oscillometric BP higher than doppler

Question 18

Comparison of analgesic efficacy of tramadol, morphine and methadone in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy

Answer 18

All adequate analgesia

78% needed rescue intra-op analgesia

Hyperthermia most common in tramadol group

Question 19

Alpha-chloralose poisoning in 25 cats: clinical picture and evaluation of treatment with intravenous lipid emulsion

Answer 19

ILE not useful - did not affect concentration or CS

All cats survived
Presents with neurologic signs

A-chlorose - avicide, rodenticide

Question 20

Blood fibroblast growth factor 23 concentration in cats with and without chronic kidney disease: a scoping review

Answer 20

FGF-23 biomarker for phosphate overload

FGF-23
- higher in CKD cats
- predict progressive azotemia
- does not predict hypercalcemia
- phosphate restriction decreases FGF-23

Question 21

Determination of clopidogrel effect in cats using point-of-care Plateletworks ADP and shipped samples for PFA-200 analysis in a clinical practice setting

Answer 21

POC and shipped samples fine

Question 22

Frequency of diabetic remission, predictors of remission and survival in cats using a low-cost, moderate-intensity, home-monitoring protocol and twice-daily glargine

Answer 22

47% remission
– then 40% of those cats relapsed

Question 23

Cat owners do not provide more reliable weight estimates for cats compared with veterinary professionals in an emergency setting

Answer 23

mean cat weight in emergency situation = 5kg

owners estimate is not more reliable

Question 24

Evaluation of a multiagent chemotherapy protocol combining vincristine, cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone and prednisolone (CMOP) for treatment of feline intermediate–large cell lymphoma

Answer 24

overall response rate 74%

45% complete remission

Progression free interval 139d
MST 206d

6mo survival 64%
1y survival 57%
2y survival 35%

Question 25

Determination of the reference interval for urine kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) in 50 healthy cats

Answer 25

USG correlated with urine KIM-1 reference 0.02-0.68 KIM-1 = removal of apoptotic debris, rapidly upregulated after injury

Question 26

Psyllium husk powder increases defecation frequency and faecal score, bulk and moisture in healthy cats

Answer 26

More bowel movements Softer feces with psyllium - higher mean fecal score more feces and water % with psyillium May be helpful for constipation

Question 27

Cytauxzoonosis in Indiana, USA: a case series of cats infected with Cytauxzoon felis (2018–2022)

Answer 27

Cytauxzoon - severe tick borne disease Tick - **amblyomma americanum (Lone star)** or Dermacentor variabilis (american dog) feed for 36-48h = transmit sporozoites to cat Infect macrophages and mononuclear cells Form schizonts = most pathogenic Multiply and block vessels CS: fever, inappetence, lethargy, depression. dehydration, hemolytic crisis Bobcats - reservoir Cats in Indiana Cats can be acutely ill or subclinical Bimodal seasonality Tx: Atovaquone and azithromycin

Question 28

Life tables of annual life expectancy and risk factors for mortality in cats in the UK

Answer 28

Life expectancy 11.7y Female 1.3y longer than males Birmese and Birman longer Sphynx shorter Decreased lifespan - intact - purebred - non-ideal BW

Question 29

Use of orally administered dexmedetomidine to induce emesis in cats

Answer 29

Side effect: sedation Effective! 83% 20mcg/kg PO

Question 30

Xanthinuria in a familial group of Munchkin cats and an unrelated domestic shorthair cat

Answer 30

XDH NOT a candidate gene in Munchkins Males more common Tx: protein restricted diet

Question 31

Assessment of the effect of gabapentin on blood pressure in cats with and without chronic kidney disease

Answer 31

Decrease BP with and without CKD Medan change 12mmHg

Question 32

Histoplasmosis in domestic cats: new minimally invasive diagnostic techniques

Answer 32

IgG EIA and urine lateral flow assay both minimally invasive diagnostic methods IgG sensitivity = 63% LFA sensitivity = 71% Combined test 88% Specificity 100%

Question 33

Feline aortic thromboembolism: recent advances and future prospects

Answer 33

Euthanasia common Survival rate 30-40% with supportive care MST >1y can be achieved 25% HCM will get FATE 80% have undiagnosed cardiac diseae Clopidogrel better than asprin Clopidogrel + LMWH or Rivaroxaban

Question 34

2024 AAFP intercat tension guidelines: recognition, prevention and management

Question 35

Effect of oral administration of pregabalin on physiological and echocardiographic variables in healthy cats

Answer 35

Single dose can cause mild to mod sedation. Hypotension can occur at 5 and 10mg/kg, less frequent at 2.5mg/kg No change in PR, RR 10mg/kg = changes in peak velocity of late and early diastolic transmitral flow = not clinically significant

Question 36

High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in seven cats with respiratory failure

Answer 36

First case series for cats improved with high flow all tolerated without complications 3 weaned off, 1 survived

Question 37

Spontaneous ovulation in the cat: incidence among queens presented at a veterinary teaching facility

Answer 37

occurs in >30% cats are not strictly induced ovulators

Question 38

Description of outcome and adverse events in 21 cats with locally advanced nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma treated with electrochemotherapy

Answer 38

Effective 19/21 = complete response other 2 = partial Overall response 100% disease free interval 182d OST 453d Voltage correlated with survival

Question 39

Study of feline immunodeficiency virus prevalence and expert opinions on standards of care

Answer 39

FIV prevalence 5-8% Global prebalence 5% - static over time Greater prevalence in male, older Lentivirus FIV infects immunocytes CD4/CD8 inversion Progressive immunosuppression Primary infection = viremia and malaise Second infection = asymptomatic / latent Third infection - immunodeficiency, lymphoma, other disease Transmit through wounds / bites