2024 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Why do animal cells have more membrane than bacterial cells?
Animal cell is larger.
Animal cell contains membrane bound organelles but bacterial cells don’t
Why are there no components for cell recognition in the inner mitochondrial membrane
No need for recognition or receptor
Why is there more channel proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane than cell surface membrane
More facilitated diffusion
Structural difference between ATP and RNA
ATP has 3 phosphates, RNA has one
Structural difference between DNA and RNA
DNA has deoxyribose whilst RNA has ribose. DNA has less oxygen
Two inorganic ions needed by plant cells to synthesise DNA and RNA
Phosphate and Nitrate
Why is the percentage of RNA (a nucleic acid) in human cells variable
Protein synthesis is taking place or cell may have more/less ribosomes.
How is ATP used in cells
Energy released when ATP is hydrolysed to ADP+Pi.
Energy stored when ADP+Pi join to make ATP.
Source of energy in all cells/reactions in all organisms
How does catalase speed up the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
Catalase lowers activation energy which is important to increase rate of breakdown of hydrogen peroxide at body temperature
What do catalysts do
Lower activation energy (minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction)
What is a structural isomer
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structure/arrangement of atoms
What polysaccharides are found in plants
Cellulose (structure to cell wall), starch (energy store)
Starch isomer, structure and function
Alpha glucose, branched and coiled due to 1-6 and 1-4 glycosidic bonds. Glucose/energy storage in plant cells
Cellulose isomer, structure and function
Beta glucose, coiled due to 1-4 glycosidic bonds, structural stability to cell wall
Glycogen isomer, structure and function
Alpha glucose, 1-4 and 1-6, storage of glucose.
Chitin isomer, structure and function
Beta glucose, 1-4, structural strength to exoskeleton.
What disaccharide is formed from starch hydrolysis
Maltose
Polarity of water
Oxygen has negative charge. Hydrogen has positive charge
Why are monosaccharides and disaccharides soluble in water
Hydroxyl/polar groups will form hydrogen bonds with water molecules
Why is it important to plants that sugars are soluble
For transport between cells/tissues like phloem through the plasmodesmata
Minimum number of genes within viral RNA
Three genes because proteins in glycoprotein, capsid made from protein, and reverse transcriptase is an enzyme made of protein.
Why can’t HIV reproduce without infecting a host cell
Doesn’t have any ribosomes to translate mRNA (for protein synthesis). Doesn’t have mitochondria to produce ATP
How does HIV (virus) infect a human cell and made copies of itself
Endocytosis (S.A increased) and exocytosis (S.A decreased)
How would prevention of microtubules forming affect growth of organisms
No microtubules means no spindle so no mitosis since cell division stops at prophase or metaphase.
