exam 2

Question 1

memory

Answer 1

ability to store and retrieve info over time

Question 2

what are the functions of memory

Answer 2

encoding, storage, retrieval

Question 3

encoding

Answer 3

把我们perceive, think, or feel变成enduring memory

Question 4

how are memories made?

Answer 4

combining old and new info

Question 5

elaborative encoding

Answer 5

relating new info to knowledge already in memory

Question 6

visual imagery encoding

Answer 6

storing info by converting it into mental pic

Question 7

organizational encoding

Answer 7

categorizing info according to relationships among a series of items

Question 8

why do we have survival related info?

Answer 8

natural selection

Question 9

storage

Answer 9

maintain info in memory over time

Question 10

sensory memory

Answer 10

storage that holds sensory info for a few sec or less

Question 11

iconic memory

Answer 11

visual sensory memory

Question 12

echoic memory

Answer 12

auditory sensory memory

Question 13

short term memory

Answer 13

holds non-sensory info for a few sec~a min

Question 14

working memory

Answer 14

active maintenance of info

Question 15

rehearsal

Answer 15

keeping info in short term memory by mentally repeating it

Question 16

chunking

Answer 16

combining small info into larger clusters tt are more easily held in short term memory

Question 17

long term memory

Answer 17

enduring memory of facts, exp and skills

Question 18

what controls long term memory?

Answer 18

hippocampus

Question 19

anterograde amnesia

Answer 19

cannot transfer new info from short to long term stores: 不能形成新的记忆

Question 20

retrograde amnesia

Answer 20

cannot retrieve info before a particular date

Question 21

memory consolidation

Answer 21

process when memories become stable in brain

Question 22

reconsolidation

Answer 22

when recalling memory, it can be easily disrupted, requiring to be consolidated again

Question 23

retrieval

Answer 23

bringing back info previously encoded and stored

Question 24

retrieval cues

Answer 24

external info tt helps bring stored info to mind: it starts with an A!

Question 25

encoding specificity principle

Answer 25

encode的环境和retrieve 一样帮助回忆。retrieval cue is effective when it helps recreate the way in which info was first encoded

Question 26

state dependent retrieval

Answer 26

better retrieval when internal environment is same as encoding

Question 27

transfer-appropriate processing

Answer 27

better retrieval when external environment is same as encoding: underwater

Question 28

retrieval induced forgetting

Answer 28

retrieving an item from long term 导致没办法想起类似item: remember orange forgot apple

Question 29

explicit memory

Answer 29

info tt we can recall intentionally and we have conscious awareness of it

Question 30

episodic

Answer 30

collection of past exp occurred at a time and place: bday

Question 31

semantic

Answer 31

facts and concepts that make up our knowledge of world

Question 32

implicit memory

Answer 32

past exp influence later behavior, even w/t effort to remember them

Question 33

prodecural

Answer 33

getting a skill from practice, or “knowing how” to do things: bicycle

Question 34

priming

Answer 34

recent exposure to stimulus => can better think about it: K _ _ _ => kick

Question 35

transcience

Answer 35

forgetting w/ passage of time

Question 36

retroactive interference

Answer 36

info learned later damage whats learned earlier

Question 37

proactive interference

Answer 37

info learned earlier damage later ones

Question 38

absentmindedness

Answer 38

no attention results memory failure

Question 39

prospective memory

Answer 39

remembering to do things