Chapter 9* Flashcards
Define Nutritional Health
The physical result of the balance between nutrient intake and nutritional requirements.
In adults and older adults, nutritional health can be associate with the prevention or development of chronic disease in conditions involving both_____ and___.
Undernutrition
Over-nutrition
What factors are related to undernutrition?
- Chronic disease, acute illness, or injury
- Multiple medications
- Food insecurity
- Restrictive eating due to chronic dieting, disordered eating, faddism, or food beliefs, alcohol abuse.
- Depression, bereavement, loneliness, social isolation
- Poor dental health
- Decreased knowledge or skills about food preparation and recommendations
- Extreme age
What is another name for undernutrition?
Malnutrition
Define malnutrition
An imbalance, whether a deficit or excess, of the required nutrients of a balanced diet.
What factors are related to over-nutrition?
- Excess intake of fat, sugar, calories, or nutrients.
- Alcohol abuse
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Decreased knowledge or skills about food preparation and recommendations
A client who consumes adequate nutrition to meet individual needs and avoids habitual excess and insufficiencies would be considered what?
In good nutritional health.
Define protein-callorie malnutrition
A nutrient deficiency resulting from undernutrition
The Healthy People 2020 objectives concerning overweight and obesity are:
- Increase the proportion of adults who are at a healthy weight.
- Reduce the proportion of adults who are obese.
- Reduce growth retardation among low-income children under age 5 years.
- Prevent inappropriate weight gain in youth and adulthood.
- Prevent inappropriate weight gain in youth and adulthood.
- Increase the variety and contribution of vegetables to diets of the population 2 years of age and older.
- Reduce the consumption of saturated fats in the population aged 2 years and older.
- Increase the consumption of calcium in the population 2 years and older.
- Reduce the consumption of sodium in the population aged 2 years and older. Reduce iron deficiency among young children and females of childbearing age.
- Reduce low birth weight and very low birth weight.
- Increase the proportion of pregnancies begun with an optimum folic acid level.
Additional Objectives for Healthy People 202 include.
- Reduce consumption of solid fats and added sugars for ages 2 and older.
- Increases state policies that encourage food retailers to follow dietary guidelines.
- Increase nutritional standards in many states for preschool-age children in childcare.
- Increase nutritious foods and beverages outside of school meals.
Define the nutritional assessment tool: diet recall
also called a 24-hour recall, can be done quickly in most setting to obtain a snapshot assessment of dietary in take.
-A client is asked to verbally recall all food, beverages, and nutritional supplements or products consumed in a set 24-hour period.
A ___ ____ ___ assesses intake of a variety of food groups on a daily, weekly, or longer basis.
Food frequency questionnaire (Nutritional Assessment Tool)
Keeping a ___ ___ or ___ for up to 3 days can provide supplemental information for nutritional history.
food record; diary (Nutritional Assessment Tool)
A focused Nutritional History Interview includes…
Food intake, Beliefs and practices, supplement and medication usage, supplement and medication usage, socioeconomic and educational influences.
Diet recall, Food frequency questionnaire, food record, and Focused nutritional history are all ____ data.
Subjective
The physical assessment portion of a nutritional assessment consists of two parts:
anthropometric measurements and head-to-toe physical assessment of a client.
Anthropometric measurements include any scientific measurements of the body including:
- Waist circumference
- Skin-fold measures
- Midarm muscle and calf circumferences
- Bioelectrical impedance analysis
- Near-infared interactance
- Laboratory body composition
Height, weight, and measurement of body fat and muscle composition are what type of measurements?
Anthropometric measurements
Laboratory testing includes testing for what?
- Plasma proteins (Albumin, Prealbumin, Transferin)
- Total lymphocytes
- Delayed skin hypersensitivity test
- Cholesterol
- Anemia diagnostics
- Nitrogen balance
Name analogies for estimating portion size.
- Computer mouse: Small potato or piece of fruit
- Deck of cards: 3 oz. animal protein
- Small box of wooden matches: 1 oz. cheese
- Golf Ball: 2 tbsp
- Four thumbs: 4 tbsp
- Tightly clenched small woman’s fist: 1 cup dry measure
Clinical finding associated with poor nutritional health can be observed by looking at the…
Hair, Face, Eyes, Mouth, Glands, Skin, Skelton, Trunk, Genitalia, Nails, Nervous system, heart.
Changes in hair due to poor nutrition are…
-Dullness
-Sparseness or alopecia
-Dyspigmentation (flag sign)
Brittleness
Changes in hair associated with poor nutrition are due to deficits in…
Protein, Biotin, Zinc
Changes in the face due to poor nutrition are…
- Moon face
- Pallor
Changes in the face associated with poor nutrition are due to deficits in…
- Protein
- iron
Changes in the eyes due to poor nutrition are…
- Dry mucosa (xerophthalmia)
- Blindness
- Bitot’s spot
- Pale conjunctiva
- Yellow sub dermal fat deposits around lids (xanthelasma)
