sedatives

Question 1

Sedation

Answer 1

state of ↓ irritability & excitement, usually characterized by drowsiness

Question 2

Sedatives

Answer 2

High doses can cause a profound depression of the CNS that resembles anesthesia

Normal doses –> mild CNS depression, animal conscious but calm

• can be a pre-anesthetic drug

Question 3

Alpha 2 agonists

Answer 3

Sedative analgesic & skeletal muscle relaxant
• ↓ anxiety
• provide chemical restraint
• provide some analgesia 
** Rapidly reversible!!

Question 4

MOA of Alpha2 agonists

Answer 4

Bind Alpha2 receptors –> ↓ NE & dopamine release in CNS & peripheral NS

Question 5

what effects does alpha 2 agonists have?

Answer 5

• MODULATE PAIN
• control BP, HR
• sedation

Side effects
• ↓ CO

Question 6

Xylazine

Answer 6

Sedative & muscle relaxation

• Transient analgesic effects – none for extremities

Question 7

Side effects of Xylazine

Answer 7

• Emesis -- pre-tx w/ atropine
• Severe bradycardia --> ↓ CO
• prolonged vasodilation
• Massive ↑ in urine production (2hr)
       - do urethral obstruction Sx fast!!

Question 8

what are the reversal agents for xylazine?

Answer 8

Dog - Yohimbine

Horse/ ruminant: Tolazoline

Question 9

Medetomidine

+ reversal agent

Answer 9

> sedation (compared to xylazine) & good analgesia

• reversed w/ Atipamezole

Question 10

Dexmedetodimine

Answer 10

• Sedation ceiling
• Poor analgesia
• Do NOT use Atropine for bradycardia
–> hypertension!

Question 11

Alpha2 antagonists

Answer 11

• Yohimbine / tolazoline
- for xylazine
- Side effects
• hypotension –> death

• Atipamezole
- for medetomidine & detomidine

Question 12

Benzodiazepines

Answer 12

CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE
• Mild tranquilizing effect , Poor sedation
• facilitates GABA binding –> Cl enter –> hyperpolarization of neurons

Drugs
• diazepam
• Midazolam – Main use = seizure tx
• zolazepam

Question 13

Benzodiasepine reversal

Answer 13

Flumazenil
• in birds
• expensive