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neuro final > spinal cord disorders > Flashcards

spinal cord disorders Flashcards

1
Q

most common spinal cord pathology:

A

trauma and cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy

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2
Q

etiology of traumaa

A

neck or back injury

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3
Q

etology of cervial vertebral compressive myelopathy

A

spinal cord compression due to developmental malformation or instability

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4
Q

etiology of equine protozoal meningitis

A

Sarcocytis neurona (90%)

Neospora hughesi

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5
Q

etiology of neuroaxonal dystrophy/Equine degenerative myelopathy

A

progressive axonal loss

geneti and nutritional factors (vitamin E)

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6
Q

etiology of herpesvirus myeloencephalitis

A

equine herpes virus 1

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7
Q

breed and age predilection of trauma

A

any age

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8
Q

breed and age predilection of CVCM

A

wealings to 2 years

thoroughbreds and warmbloods

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9
Q

breed and age predilection of EPM

A

65% < 4years

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10
Q

breed and age predilection of NAD/EDM

A

weanlings to 2 years old

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11
Q

breed and age predilection of Herpesvirus myeloencephalitis

A

adults

pregnant mares

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12
Q

prognosis for trauma

A

variable, may be good if not recumbent

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13
Q

prognosis for CVCM

A

guarded

surgery may improve 50% 2 grades, a few 3 grades, but only by 1 grade of signs

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14
Q

prognosis of EPM

A

fair

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15
Q

prognosis of NAD/EDM

A

poor

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16
Q

prognosis of herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy

A

good in non-mutated forms

guarded in mutant Herpes form

recumbency is a poor sx

17
Q

what are the two types of myelopathy seen in CVCM?

A

types 1: dynamic-intermittent compression, instability, younger horses, typically C3-C4 or C4 to C5

type 2: static or stenotic-constant compression, osteoarthritis, trauma, adults, typically C5 to C6 or C6 to C7

18
Q

CVCM clinical signs

A

may be slowly progressive or acute associated with trauma

symmetrical UMN signs to all four: ataxia, weakness, difficulty backing

pelvic limbs often 1 grade worse

may have stiffness with neck flexion to one or both sides

wide base stance

during circling: circumduction, interference, pivoting, knuckiling, neck flexion

weakness: tail pull, dragging toes

19
Q

CVCM diagnosis

A

radiographs-standing cervical radiographs

stenosis, subluxation, malformation, osteoarthritis

sagittal ratio: minimal sagittal diameter divided by width of the vertebral body should be >50% cranially and >52% in caudal cervical canal

myelogram: base on dorsal column

20
Q

CVCM medical therapy

A

diet

rest-paced growth diet for foals less than 6 months

Antiinflammatories-NSAIDs and intra-articular steroid injections

articular supplements-Glycosamine, Chondroitin

antioxidants-Vitamin E/selenium

21
Q

CVCM surgical treatment

A

basket surgery-fuses joint

22
Q

spinal cord trauma dx

A

clinical signs and history

PE to localize lesion

radiography (adults cervical spine, foal entire spine)

may require myelogram

23
Q

spinal cord trauma clinical signs

A

peracute

C1-T2: tetraparesis to recumbency

T3 to L6: horse may dog sit

sacral fx

urinary and fecal incontinence

24
Q

trauma treatment

A

phenylbutazone

DMSO

glucocorticoids

Mannitol (cerebral edema)

25
Q

NAD/EDM pathogenesis

A

progressive neuraxonal dystrophy

epidemiology: young, growing horses, many different breeds, cluster of cases can occur on single farm, usually beging before 6 months of age

vitamin E deficiency and underlying familial predisposition

lesions most prominent mid-thoracic region

26
Q

NAD/EDM clinical signs

A

symmetric ataxia, paresis and hypometria

+/- poor panniculus

27
Q

NAD/EDM dx

A

rule out other diseases

vitamin E deficiency support but normal doesn’t not r/o

typically disease of younger horses

28
Q

NAD/EDM Prognosis

A

poor

29
Q

NAD/EDM treatment

A

no specific tx

vitamin E supplementation does not improve affected cases-give to pregnant mares and foals during the 1st year of life

dietary modification of unaffected animals-fresh grass or other roughage

neuro final (8 decks)

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