208 Concept: Mobility: Head, Face, and Neck Assessment

Question 1

What subjective data do you assess for a head, face, and neck assessment?

Answer 1

Headache
Head injury
Dizziness
Neck pain or limitation of motion
Lumps or swelling
History of head or neck surgery

Question 2

What additional questions would you ask for a head, face, and neck assessment in infants and children?

Answer 2

Prenatal drug exposure
Type of delivery
Growth pattern

Question 3

What additional questions would you ask for a head, face, and neck assessment in older adults?

Answer 3

Dizziness

Neck pain

Question 4

What structural elements of the head are important to assess in infants?

Answer 4

Sutures (and fontanelles) are particularly important in the assessment of infants.

Question 5

How many bones are in the face?

Answer 5

14 bones

Question 6

Which head muscles are relevant to this examination?

Answer 6

Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius

Question 7

Why is the temporal artery of particular interest in older adults?

Answer 7

In this assessment, the temporal artery is of particular interest in older patients because it may look twisted and prominent in older adults, and inflammation of this vessel can endanger vision.

Question 8

List the names of the lymph nodes.

Answer 8

• preauricular (in front of ear)
• posterior auricular (mastoid): superficial to the mastoid process
• occipital: at the base of the skull
• submental: midline, behind the tip of the mandible
• submandibular: halfway between the angle and the tip of the mandible
• tonsillar: under the angle of the mandible
• superficial cervical: overlying the sternomastoid muscle
• deep cervical: deep under the sternomastoid muscle
• posterior cervical: in the posterior triangle along the edge of the trapezius muscle
• supraclavicular: just above and behind clavicle, at the sternomastoid muscle

Question 9

Tre or false. At age 10 or 11 years, the lymph tissue re-enters a growth period and exceeds adult size before puberty.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or false. The anterior fontanelle closes when an infant is 1 to 2 months old.

Answer 10

False. The diamond-shaped anterior fontanelle closes between ages 9 months and 2 years.

Question 11

True or false. At birth, the head circumference is larger than the trunk circumference.

Answer 11

True. By about 2 cm.

Question 12

True or false. A teenage boy’s voice deepens because of enlargement of the hyoid cartilage.

Answer 12

False. The thyroid cartilage enlarges noticeably in adolescent boys, and with enlargement, the voice deepens.

Question 13

True or false. In the older adult patient, decreased subcutaneous facial fat is one factor that leads to more pronounced facial features.

Answer 13

Ture. The facial bones and orbits appear more prominent in the older adult patient because the facial skin sags as a result of decreased elasticity, decreased subcutaneous fat, and decreased moisture in the skin.

Question 14

True or false. In a toddler, the skull is more prominent than the facial structures.

Answer 14

True. In the toddler, the mandible and the maxilla are small, and the nasal bridge is low, so the whole face seems small in comparison with the skull.

Question 15

True or false. Lymphoid tissue is well-developed at birth and reaches adult size at 6 years of age.

Answer 15

True. Lymphoid tissue is well developed at birth and grows to adult size by age 6 years.

Question 16

True or false. During infancy, head growth predominates over trunk growth.

Answer 16

False. During infancy, trunk growth predominates so that the proportion of head size to body height changes.

Question 17

True or false. During pregnancy, the thyroid enlarges as a result of hypofunctioning.

Answer 17

False. The thyroid gland enlarges slightly during pregnancy as a result of hyperplasia of the tissue and increased vascularity.

Question 18

True or false. Facial hair on adolescent boys appears first on the chin.

Answer 18

False. During adolescence, in males, facial hair appears first on the upper lip and last on the chin.

Question 19

Which facial features are of particular interest due to their symmetry?

Answer 19

nasolabial fold and the palpebral fissure

Question 20

What are the meshed immovable joint of the cranial bones?

Answer 20

Sutures

Question 21

What is the cranial sutures that crown the head from ear to ear at union of frontal and parietal bones?

Answer 21

Coronal suture

Question 22

Salivary glands located in the floor of the mouth

Answer 22

Sublingual

Question 23

The largest of the salivary glands

Answer 23

Parotid

Question 24

Spaces where cranial sutures intersect found in neonates

Answer 24

Fontanelles

Question 25

Lymph glands located in front of the ear

Answer 25

Preauricular

Question 26

Important endocrine gland with rich blood supply that straddles the trachea at mid neck level

Answer 26

thyroid

Question 27

Lymph glands located at the base of the skull

Answer 27

occipital

Question 28

Common language term for the thyroid cartilage

Answer 28

Adam’s apple

Question 29

Neck muscle that arises from the sternum and medial part of clavicle

Answer 29

Sternomastoid

Question 30

Narrow palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, and midfacial hypoplasia are characteristic of?

Answer 30

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 31

What population is at the greatest risk for impaired mobility?

Answer 31

Older adults

Question 32

What are the individual risk factors for changes in mobility?

Answer 32

acute and chronic conditions, chronic pain, and injury/trauma.

Question 33

What are the different aspects of assessment for mobility?

Answer 33

• History
• Examination findings
• Diagnostic tests including radiographic diagnostics