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20th Century "isms" Flashcards

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1
Q

Futurism: When, where

A

Began in Italy
1809
Moved to Russia

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2
Q

Symbolism: When, where?

A

1880s-early 20th century

Began in France

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3
Q

Symbolism: Who, what plays?

A

Alfred Jarry-Ubu Roi ; Henrik Ibsen: Wild Duck: Maurice Maerterlinck- Pelleas and Melisande; The Blue Bird

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4
Q

Symbolism: Designers

A

Appia and Craig Designers

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5
Q

What was Appia and Craig inspired by?

A

Theatre of the Far East

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6
Q

Symbolism: World view

A

Anti-realistic
Intuitive
World of dreams and imagination

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7
Q

Symbolism: Purpose

A

To represent the true meaning of life, which is spiritual not materialistic

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8
Q

Symbolism: Key Features

A

Simplicity
metaphorical
evocative of feeling

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9
Q

Symbolism: Plot

A

Doesn’t use ‘well made play’ structure

Vague & obscure plot

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10
Q

Symbolism: Character

A

No personality of their own
Symbols of the inner life of the writer
Characters controlled by fate

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11
Q

Symbolism: Dialogue

A

Sometimes staccato delivery

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12
Q

Symbolism: Themes

A

Inner meaning and beauty

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13
Q

Symbolism: Music/Aural Elements

A

Music, poetry and dance were integrated

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14
Q

Symbolism: Spectacle

A

Atmosphere/mood created by lighting, colour, shape, lines
Exaggerated movements
Greater visual beauty on stage

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15
Q

Expressionism: When

A

WW1 Onwards

Started in Germany

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16
Q

Expressionism: Who, what plays?

A

George Kaiser-Gas

Ernst Toller-Masse-Mensch

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17
Q

Expressionism: Worldview

A 
Anti-realistic
Subjective reality-dreams
Spirit
Visions
Unconscious desires
Hallucinations
Anti-materialism and anti-industrialism
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18
Q

Expressionism: Purpose

A

To represent the inner feelings and experiences of characters
Journey of the soul
Protect against contemporary social order

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19
Q

Expressionism: Key Features

A

Exaggeration
Distortion
Heightened style
Theatrical devices eg. chorus, narrator, soliloquies, unusual stage effects

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20
Q

Expressionism: Plot

A

Episodic

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21
Q

Expressionism: Character

A

Protagonist central-everything seen through his eyes
Protagonist tortured by events and society
Other characters dehumanised

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22
Q

Expressionism: Dialogue

A 
Staccato delivery
Illogical
Rhythmical
Unrealistic
Highly emotional
Abrupt
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23
Q

Expressionism: Themes

A

Show how humanity’s spiritual potential can be realised

Attack capitalist values in industrialised societies

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24
Q

Expressionism: Music/Aural elements

A

Used to evoke emotional response from audience
Rhythmical
Choral chants
Use of repetition

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25
Expressionism: Spectacle
``` Pictorial Different levels used Designed to bring out thoughts and feeling of protagonist Stylised movement Exaggerated shapes Bizarre costumes and masks ```
26
Futurism: Founder
Fillipo Tommasso Marinetti
27
Futurism: Worldview
Reject the past | Glorify machine age and technology
28
Futurism: Purpose
Wish to transform humanity
29
Futurism: Key Features
Compress time & space Fast-moving Multiple unrelated scenes shown at the same time
30
Futurism: Plot
Anti-literary Fast-moving Love of speed
31
Futurism: Character
Directly in front of audience
32
Futurism: Dialogue
Collage of nouns Free verse Improvised speeches
33
Futurism: Themes
Transformation of man | Celebration of modernity and violence
34
Futurism: Music/Aural Elements
Chaotic Simultaneous Art of noise Noise machines
35
Futurism: Spectacle
``` Dancing Mix of art forms Chaotic Mixed media Often used arena staging ```
36
Constructivism: When, where?
Russia | After 1917
37
Constructivism: Who, what plays?
Vsevold Meyerhold directed classics such as Mystery-Bouffe ; The Magnanimous Cuckold ; The Government Inspector
38
Constructivism: Worldview
Anti-illusion A development from futurism Revolutionary
39
Constructivism: Purpose
To express a new modern society | Shows and tests a future as yet unrealised
40
Constructivism: Key Features
Actors create an intervention in this reality | Eliminate the footlights
41
Constructivism: Plot
Original classics dissected into episodes | Directors' theatre
42
Constructivism: Character
Biomechanics is used as a system of training actors-using physical movement patterns to create the impression of emotion Train reflexes to be fine tuned Grotesque characters Actors are puppets in hands of director
43
Constructivism: Dialogue
Visuals more important than dialogue
44
Constructivism: Themes
``` Agitprop Pro-Bolshevik revolution, but later critical and satirical about Soviet society Anti-war Corrucption Depicting dehumanisation ```
45
Constructivism: Music/Aural
Rhythmical
46
Constructivism: Spectacle
Machine for acting Non-decorative Non-representational Multi-purpose stage settings-platforms, catwalks, steps, wheels, use of circus elements
47
Dadaism: When, where?
Started in Zurich, Switzerland 1916 Later Paris
48
Dadaism: Who, what plays?
``` Artists involved: Tristan Tzara Georg Grosz Hugo Ball Emmy Hennings ``` Cabarets or events Short plays at Cabaret Voltaire
49
Dadaism: Worldview
``` Nihilism Anti-Art Death of art Replaces logic and reason with calculated madness Anti-war ```
50
Dadaism: Purpose
Question everything and believe nothing Attack complacency Outrage bourgeois audiences
51
Dadaism: Key Features
Variety of forms Improvisation Simultaneous action Illogical arrangement of events
52
Dadaism: Plot
No plot
53
Dadaism: Character
No character Interaction with audience No 4th wall
54
Dadaism: Dialogue
Nonsense phrases Sound poems Use of cliches
55
Dadaism: Themes
Death of art | Meaninglessness of existance
56
Dadaism: Music/ Aural Elements
Variety of forms African Music Jazz Music by Debussy
57
Dadaism: Spectacle
Variety of meaningless visual elements juxtaposed | Bizarre masks and costumes
58
Surrealism: When, where?
France | 1920s
59
Surrealism: Who, what plays?
Andre Breton Antonin Artaud-The Jet of Blood Guillaume Apollinaire-Les Mamelles de Tiresias Jean Cocteau-Orphee
60
Surrealism: Worldview
Super-realism Art to express the real process of thought Reflect subconscious and unconscious process
61
Surrealism: Purpose
Express subconscious dream state of the mind-including hallucinations, dreams Break down people's defences (theatre of cruelty) Free people from chains of logic and rationality Create a personal, social and cultural revolution to bring about a life of freedom Theatre should express what language cannot put into words
62
Surrealism: Key Features
Imaginative Idiosyncratic Familiar mixed with the strange and unusual
63
Surrealism: Plot
Illogical | Symbolic
64
Surrealism: Character
Unlikely | Illogical(eg. a bearded woman; a man who gave birth)
65
Surrealism: Dialogue
Flow of thoughts without censorship | Automatic writing
66
Surrealism: Themes
Personal | Social and cultural revolution
67
Surrealism: Music/ aural elements
Shrill sound effects | Use voice to create harmonies and dissonance
68
Surrealism: Spectacle
New spaces Stark lighting Sets modelled on surrealist paintings Some decor and costumes designed my Picasso
69
Existentialism: Where, When?
France | 1940s onwards
70
Existentialism: Who, what plays?
Jean-Paul Sartre-The Flies, No Exit Albert Camus-Caligula In SA: Athol Fugard
71
Existentialism: Worldview
Choice determines who one is Freedom is an act of human will There is no meaning to existance until the human being takes action Absurdity and irony of life
72
Existentialism: Purpose
To make us aware that we are responsible for finding all the answers ourselves That there are no universal or abstract rules To make us more socially committed
73
Existentialism: Key Features
Little joy or happiness Philosophical Questioning
74
Existentialism: Plot
Closer to traditional plot structure than Absurdists
75
Existentialism: Character
Representative Little known about their pasts More consistent than Absurd characters
76
Existentialism: Dialogue
Poetic Beautifully phrased Argumentative
77
Existentialism: Themes
``` Meaninglessness Absurdity Isolation and despair in modern world There are no answers Inevitable devaluation of ideals 'Hell is within ourselves' ```
78
Existentialism: Music/Aural Elements
Richness of dialogue
79
Existentialism: Spectacle
Irrational | Illogical universe depicted

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