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2.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

3 Primary Goals of Data Storage and Operations

A

○ Manage availability of data throughout the data lifecycle.
○ Ensure the integrity of data assets.
○ Manage performance of data transactions.

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2
Q

What is crucial for the continuity of operations of businesses relying on data?

A

Data Storage and Operations

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3
Q

A ___________ for IT operations minimizes the risk of disruption.

A

reliable data storage infrastructure

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4
Q

Definition of Terms

Any collection of stored data, regardless of structure or content.

A

Database

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5
Q

Definition of Terms

An execution of database software controlling access to a
certain area of storage.

A

Instance

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6
Q

Definition of Terms

A subset of a database objects contained within the database or an instance. Used to organize objects into more manageable parts.

A

Schema

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7
Q

Definition of Terms

An individual computer hosting either processing or data as part of a distributed database.

A

Node

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8
Q

Definition of terms

Means that APIs are used to call database
functions, such that an application can connect to multiple different databases.

A

Database abstraction

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9
Q

Database type according to Architecture:

A

● Centralized
● Distributed
○ Federated
○ Non- Federated

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10
Q

Database type according to Organization:

A

● Hierarchical
● Relational
● Non-Relational

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11
Q

Database type according to Processing Types:

A

● ACID
● BASE

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12
Q

Database type according to Environment:

A

● Pre-production:
○ Development
○ Test
○ Support
● Production
● Experimental

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

If the centralized system is unavailable, there are no other alternatives for accessing the data.

A

TRUE

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14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Is Centralized Database ideal for data security?

A

TRUE

*creates a less complex environment for data, making it easier to monitor and control the use and protection of data.

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Centralized Database is ideal for data accessibility?

A

FALSE, it is NOT ideal

*Slower response times as all requests must go through a single point of entry

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16
Q

Does Distributed Database provide quick access to data over large number of nodes?

A

Yes, Distributed Database provide quick access to data over large number of nodes

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17
Q

What is distributed database designed for?

A

Designed to scale out from single server to thousands of machines, each offering local computation and storage.

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18
Q

What is an example of distributed federated database?

A

Blockchain

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19
Q

Hierarchical, Relational or Non-relational databases?

Oldest and most rigid database model, used in early mainframe DBMS.

A

Hierarchical Databases

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20
Q

Hierarchical, Relational or Non-relational databases?

Row-oriented, where tables in the database are sets of relations with identical structure.

A

Relational Databases

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21
Q

Hierarchical, Relational or Non-relational databases?

Data is organized into a tree-like structure with mandatory parent/child relationships

A

Hierarchical Databases

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22
Q

Hierarchical, Relational or Non-relational databases?

Predominant choice in storing data that constantly changes

A

Relational Databases

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23
Q

Hierarchical, Relational or Non-relational databases?

Each parent can have many children, but each child has only one parent

A

Hierarchical Databases

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24
Q

Hierarchical, Relational or Non-relational databases?

Set operations (like union, intersect, and minus) are used to organize and retrieve data from this type of database, in the form of Structured Query Language (SQL).

A

Relational Databases

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25
Hierarchical, Relational or Non-relational databases? May be row-oriented, but is not required.
Non-relational Databases
26
Hierarchical, Relational or Non-relational databases? Stores data as simple strings or complete files
Non-relational Databases
27
Hierarchical, Relational or Non-relational databases? Employs a less constrained consistency model for storage and retrieval of data
Non-relational Databases
28
Hierarchical, Relational or Non-relational databases? NoSQL (which stands for “Not Only SQL”).
Non-relational Databases
29
Hierarchical, Relational or Non-relational databases? The primary differentiating factor is the storage structure itself, where the data structure is no longer bound to a tabular relational design. It could be a tree, a graph, a network, or a key-value pairing.
Non-relational Databases
30
What does ACID Databases stands for?
Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability
31
ACID Databases What is once complete, the transaction cannot be undone?
Durability
32
ACID Databases What is each transaction is independent unto itself?
Isolation
33
ACID Databases What is the transaction must meet all rules defined by the system at all times and must void half-completed transactions?
Consistency
34
ACID Databases All operations are performed, or none of them is, so that if one part of the transaction fails, then the entire transaction fails?
Atomicity
35
What does BASE Databases stands for?
Basically Available Soft State Eventual Consistency
36
BASE Database What guarantees some level of availability to the data even when there are node failures?
Basically Available
37
BASE Database What is the data is in a constant state of flux; while a response may be given, the data is not guaranteed to be current?
Soft State
38
BASE Database What is the data will eventually be consistent through all nodes and in all databases, but not every transaction will be consistent at every moment?
Eventual Consistency
39
What theorem asserts that a distributed system cannot comply with all parts of ACID at all time. The larger the system, the lower the compliance. A distributed system must instead trade-off between properties?
CAP Theorem
40
What does CAP Theorem stands for?
Consistency Availability Partition Tolerance
41
CAP Theorem What is the system must operate as designed and expected at all times?
Consistency
42
CAP Theorem What is the system must be available when requested and must respond to each request?
Availability
43
CAP Theorem What is the system must be able to continue operations during occasions of data loss or partial system failure?
Partition Tolerance
44
What is the database environments?
Pre-production environment -> Production Environment -> Sandboxes or Experimental Environment
45
Database Environment Which environment occurs all actual business processes?
Production Environment
46
Database Environment ‘Real’ environment from a business perspective
Production Environment
47
Database Environment Mission-critical to the business, if this environment ceases to operate, business processes will stop.
Production Environment
48
Database Environment Should not be used for development and testing
Production Environment
49
Database Environment Used to develop and test changes before such changes are introduced to the production environment
Pre-Production Environment
50
Database Environment Issues with changes can be detected and addressed without affecting normal business processes.
Pre-Production Environment
51
Database Environment Must closely resemble the production environment
Pre-Production Environment
52
Database Environment Common types: development, test, support, and special use environments.
Pre-Production Environment
53
Database Environment Used to experiment with development options and test hypotheses about data from production
Sandboxes or Experimental Environment
54
Database Environment Provides quick validation ideas and options for changes to the system.
Sandboxes or Experimental Environment
55
Database Environment Used when performing Proof-of-Concept
Sandboxes or Experimental Environment
56
Database Environment Should never write back to the production systems.
Sandboxes or Experimental Environment
57
What role is the most established and most widely adopted data professional role?
Database Administrators
58
Who provide support for development, testing, Quality Assurance, and special use database environments.
Database Administrators
59
What are the different types of DBAs?
- Production DBA - Procedural and Development DBA - Application DBA - Network Storage Administrators
60
Which DBA type ensures the performance and reliability of the database, through performance tuning, monitoring, error reporting, etc?
Production DBA
61
Which DBA type implement measures for: - Backup and recovery mechanisms - Clustering and failover of the database - Archiving data
Production DBA
62
Which DBA type specializes in development and support of procedural logic controlled and executed by the DBMS (stored procedures, triggers, and user-defined functions) ?
Procedural DBA
63
Which DBA type is focused on data design activities including creating and managing special use databases, such as ‘sandbox’ or exploration areas?
Development DBA
64
Which DBA type is focused on a specific database for certain application/s so, they can provide better service to application developers?
Application DBA
65
Which DBA type is responsible for one or more databases in all environments, all concerned to the specific application?
Application DBA
66
Which DBA type is concerned with the hardware and software supporting data storage arrays?
Network Storage Administrators
67
Procedural/Development DBAs handle which environment?
- Pre-Production Environment - Sandboxes or Experimental Environment
68
Production DBAs handle which environment?
-Production Environment
69
Application DBAs & Network Storage Administrator handles which environment?
- Sandboxes or Experimental Environment - Pre-production Environment
70
What common database operation is Process of moving data off immediately accessible storage media and onto media with lower retrieval performance?
Archiving
71
What common database operation is determining the capacity of the database means deciding on the finite amount of storage that would be utilized for the business?
Capacity and Growth Projections
72
What pertain to how quick the storage must increase to meet the demands of the business?
Growth Projections
73
What common database operation is the process of detecting that data has changed and ensuring that information relevant to the change is stored appropriately?
Change Data Capture (CDC)
74
What common database operation is the process of completely removing data from storage media such that it cannot be recovered?
Purging
75
What common database operation is the Storing the same data on multiple storage devices to make data highly-available?
Replication
76
FILL IN THE BLANKS _______ in databases is the measurement of how tolerant a system is to error conditions
Resiliency
77
FILL IN THE BLANKS _______ is the process of continuing the ongoing function that has crashed.
Recovery
78
Increasing the resilience of data processing systems means :
- trap and re-route data causing errors, - detect and ignore data causing errors, - and implement flags in processing for completed steps
79
What common database operation refers to how long data is kept available?
Retention
80
TRUE OR FALSE Data retention planning should be part of the physical database design?
TRUE, Data retention should be part of the physical database design
81
What common database operation is the process where small chunks of the database are isolated and can be updated independently of other shards, so replication is merely a file copy?
Sharding

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