Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HBS > 2.1&2.2 > Flashcards

2.1&2.2 Flashcards

(85 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

Brain stem

A

Contains midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Location: under occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates body temp, water balance, metabolism

Found: diencephalon under thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Produces hormones

Location: under hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Limbus system

A

Hypothalamus, epithalamus, thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thalamus

A

Surrounds 3rd ventricle

Relay sensory impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Epithalamus

A

Houses pineal body, produces cerebral spinal fluid, regulate day and night cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Lowest part of brain stem, merges into spinal cord

Hear rate control, BP regulation, breathing, swallowing, vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pons

A

Fiber tracts

CONTROLS BREATHING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Midbrain

A

Reflex centers for vision and hearing

How your eyes dilate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cerebellum

A

Under occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Broca’s area

A

In charge of speech production

Location: cortex of frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Motor cortex

A

Deal with movement, located in frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sensory cortex

A

Receiving and interpreting sensory u formation, located in parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Front of brain

Muscle coordination, smell, thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Taste, between frontal and occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Occipital

A

Sight, pain, located in back of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Hearing, long term memory, on side of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cerebellum

A

Balance under occipital
Posture make sure things are on course
Affected when on alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Brain stem

A

Medulla oblongata
Midbrain
Pons

Touch and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Limbic system

A

Walking, BP regulation, hunger, thirst, sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Explain the difference between sensory and motor areas of cerebral cortex and location

A

Sensory have sensory neurons-parietal

Motor have motor neurons-frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Difference between gyri, sulci, and fissures

A

Gyri-ridges
Sulci-grooves
Fissures-very deep grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the difference between pns and cns

A

Cns- spinal cord and brain

Pns-sensory and motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Astrocytes

A

Only in CNS
Monitors what is going in and out of neuron
Star shaped
Controls chem environment of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Microglia
Only in CNS "Janitors" Dispose of debris
25
Ependymal
Only in CNS Line cavities of brain and spinal cord Cilia assist with circulation of cerebral spinal fluid
26
Oligodendrocytes
``` Only in CNS WRAP AROUND AXONS PRODUCE MYLEIN SHEATHS CNS CNS CNS CNS ONLY SOLID, NO NODES OF RANVIER ```
27
Schwann cells
Only in PNS | form myelin sheath in PNS
28
Satellite cells
Only in PNS "Helmet" Protect neuron cell bodies
29
Axon
Conduct impulses away from cell body | End in axon terminals
30
Axon terminal
Signal ends and is passed to the next neuron
31
Dendrite
Receive electrical messages toward cell body
32
Node of Ranvier
Spaces in the myelin sheath on the axon
33
Schwann cell
Only in PNS form myelin sheath
34
Cell body
Produces all proteins for dendrites
35
Neurotransmitters
Released at end of nerve fiber, goes across synapse, transfers impulse
36
Depolarization
Cell becomes bothered, cell now permeable to sodium to flow inside
37
Repolarization
Reaction counteracted when K+ channels open and bring sodium levels down to get back to homeostasis
38
Action potential
Movement of ions initiates action potential due to stimulus
39
Francisco Donders
The harder the task is, the more synapses out brain uses, therefore it takes longer to complete
40
What is reaction time?
How quickly an organism responds to a stimulus
41
Monosynaptic vs. Polysynaptic
Mono-one synapse, involuntary (reflexes in the knee) | Poly-more than one synapse, voluntary actions
42
What is a reflex?
Does not require thought, involuntary
43
What is a reflex arc?
Direct route from sensory neuron to interneuron to an effector
44
INTERNEURON IS LOCATED WHERE
SPINAL CORD!
45
Somatic reflexes
Activation of skeletal muscles Moving your hand from a hot stove
46
Autonomic reflexes
Smooth muscle regulation Heart and BP regulation Secrete hormones Digestive system regulation
47
How is patellar reflex processed
Stimulate sensory neurons synapses in spinal cord to motor neuron to muscle, resulting in swing
48
Alzheimer's
Plaque buildup in brain, memory loss
49
Multiple sclerosis
Affects myelin sheath autosomal disorder
50
Epilepsy
Seizures
51
ALS
Degenerative disease, slowly retards motor neurons/cortex
52
Parkinson's
Tremors, lack of dopamine producing cells
53
Huntington's
Lose brain cells, SEVERE tremors
54
Fiction of nervous system
Gathering information | Monitor changes occurring outside of body
55
Regions of brain
Cerebral hemispheres(cerebrum) Diencephalon Brain stem Cerebellum
56
Primary somatic sensory area
Receives impulses from the body's sensory receptors | Pain, temp., pressure
57
Primary motor area
Send impulses to skeletal muscles | Frontal lobe
58
Gustatory area
Taste | Temporal
59
Visual area
Occipital
60
Auditory area
Temporal
61
Olfactory area
(Smell) temporal
62
Gray matter vs. white matter
Gray: outer layer, not myelin sheathed White: myelin sheath Corpus collosum connects hemispheres
63
Basal nuclei
Islands of grey matter buried within white matter
64
Pituitary gland
Secretes hormones Roof of hypothalamus is thalamus ATTACHED TO HYPOTHALAMUS
65
Hypothalamus
Under thalamus Regulate emotion body temp metabolism SPIKE TEMP TO KILL DISEASE=FEVER
66
Epithalamus
Roof of third ventricle Cerebral spinal fluid Melatonin-regulate day/night cycles
67
Brain stem is made of.......?
FIBER TRACTS
68
Reticular formation
Diffuse mass of gray matter along brain stem | Involved in getting heart/lungs to pump
69
Sensory input
Gathering information to monitor changes occurring in and out of body
70
Integration
To process and interpret sensory input and decide if action is needed
71
Motor output
Response to stimuli | Activated glands
72
PNS
Nerves extending from beak and spinal cord | Functions: serves as communication lines among sensory organs, the brain and spinal cord, and the glands or muscles
73
Spinal nerves
Carry impulses to and from spinal cord
74
Cranial nerves
Carry impulses to and from the brain
75
Sensory (afferent) division
Nerve fibers that carry info to CNS
76
Motor (efferent) division
Nerve fibers that carry impulses away from CNS
77
Somatic NS
Voluntary, consciously control muscles
78
Autonomic NS
Involuntary | Co tells smooth and cardiac muscles and glands
79
Synaptic cleft
Gap between adjacent neurons
80
GREY
Cell body, outside=ganglia
81
WHITE
Myelin sheath, PNS NODES OF RANV
82
Tracts
Bundles of nerve fibers in CNS
83
Nerves
Bundles of nerves in PNS
84
Interneuron a
Found in neural pathways in CNS Connect sensory and motor neurons Most all are multipolar

HBS (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions