2.1 - 2.2 + Chp 19 Test

Question 1

Who is the Father of the Atomic Theory

Answer 1

John Dalton

Question 2

The term “atomos” first spoken by the Greek philospher Democritus, means:

Answer 2

“uncuttable” or “indivisible”

Question 3

What does the Modern Atomic Theory state? Write 2 out of 3 parts

Answer 3

a. all matter is composed of atoms
b. atoms of the same element are the same; atoms of different elements are different
c. atoms combine in whole-number ratios to form compunds

Question 4

What happens to atoms during a chemical change? What can’t or doesn’t happen?

Answer 4

Atoms rearrange because they cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical change

Question 5

the law of conservation of mass states:

Answer 5

in a chemical change mass and atoms are preserved –> stay the same

Question 6

the Law of Definite Proportions (constant composition) states

Answer 6

the ratio of atoms and their masses in a compound are the same

Question 7

the ratio of atoms in molecule of H2O is:

Answer 7

1:2

Question 8

What did J.J. Thomson discover

Answer 8

Electrons

Question 9

What is the charge of an electron, and what evidence is there that showed this

Answer 9

negative charge, the evidence to show that there is negative charge was through the cathode ray and the beam of energy would attract to a positive charge but repel to a negative charge

Question 10

who determined that atoms have a nuclear structure

Answer 10

ernest rutherford

Question 11

what is the charge of an alpha particle

Answer 11

positive

Question 12

describe what happened to the alpha particles that was surprising in the gold foil experiment

Answer 12

most of the alpha particles were indeed not deflected, a very small percentage (about 1 in 8000 particles) bounced off the gold foil at very large angles, some were even redirected back toward the source

Question 13

how did rutherford know that the nucleus was positively charged

Answer 13

he knew alpha particles were positive, and since they were repelled when they hit the nucleus, the nucleus had to be positive

Question 14

how does the size of the nucleus compare with the size of the entire atom

Answer 14

the nucleus takes up a small portion of the atom

Question 15

where is almost all the mass of the atom located

Answer 15

the nucleus of the atom (protons and neutrons together)

Question 16

nuclear symbol: 120/51 Sb +4
charge: __
protons: __
neutrons: __
electrons: __

Answer 16

charge: +4
protons: 51
neutrons: 69
electrons: 47

Question 17

nuclear symbol: __/__ __ __
charge: __
protons: 52
neutrons: 70
electrons: 54

Answer 17

nuclear symbol: 122/52 Te -2
charge: -2

Question 18

nuclear symbol: __/__ __
charge: 0
protons: 30
neutrons: 42
electrons: __

Answer 18

nuclear symbol: 72/30 Zn
electrons: 30

Question 19

nuclear symbol: __/__ __ __
charge: +1
protons: 55
neutrons: 85
electrons: __

Answer 19

nuclear symbol: 140/55 Cs +1
electrons: 54

Question 20

nuclear symbol: 63/__ Cu +1
charge: __
protons: __
neutrons: __
electrons: __

Answer 20

nuclear symbol: __/29 __ __
charge: +1
protons: 29
neutrons: 34
electrons: 28

Question 21

nuclear symbol: __/__ __ __
charge: +2
protons: 12
neutrons: 11
electrons: __

Answer 21

nuclear symbol: 23/12 Mg +2
electrons: 10

Question 22

nuclear symbol: 241/__ Am
charge: __
protons: __
neutrons: __
electrons: __

Answer 22

nuclear symbol: __/95 __
charge: 0
protons: 95
neutrons: 146
electrons: 95

Question 23

nuclear symbol: 41/__ Ca +2
charge: __
protons: __
neutrons: __
electrons: __

Answer 23

nuclear symbol: __/20 __ __
charge: +2
protons: 20
neutrons: 21
electrons: 18

Question 24

nuclear symbol: __/__ __ __
charge: -2
protons: 34
neutrons: 47
electrons: __

Answer 24

nuclear symbol: 81/34 Se -2
electrons: 36

Question 25

The sulfate ion has the formula SO (4 oxygen, -2 charge) because it carries a negative two charge. How many protons and electrons does it have?

Answer 25

S: 16 protons 16 electrons O: 8+8+8+8 = 32 protons 8+8+8+8 = 32 electrons +2 SO(4, -2) = 48 protons 50 electrons

Question 26

The hydronium ion has the formula H(3)O(+), because it carries a positive one charge. How many protons and electrons does it have?

Answer 26

H: 1+1+1 = 3 protons 1+1+1 = 3 electrons O: 8 protons 8 electrons - 1 H(3)O(+): 11 protons 10 electrons

Question 27

Bromine has two isotopes, Br-79 and Br-81, whose masses are 78.9163 and 80.9163 mass units and abundances are 50.69% and 49.31%. Calculate the average atomic mass of bromine.

Answer 27

78.9183 (.5069) + 80.9163 (.4931) 40.00368627 + 39.89982753 79.9035138 = 79.904amu

Question 28

complete each nuclear equation: 234/90 Th --> [__/__ __] + 0/-1 e

Answer 28

234/91 Pa

Question 29

classify this equation 234/90 Th --> 234/91 Pa + 0/-1 e

Answer 29

beta decay

Question 30

complete each nuclear equation: [__/__ __] --> 4/2 He + 206/82 Pb

Answer 30

210/84 Po

Question 31

classify this equation: 210/84 Po --> 4/2 He + 206/82 Pb

Answer 31

alpha decay

Question 32

complete each nuclear equation: 220/86 Rn --> 220/85 At + [__/__ __]

Answer 32

0/1 e

Question 33

classify this equation: 220/86 Rn --> 220/85 At + 0/1 e

Answer 33

positron emission

Question 34

complete each nuclear equation: 106/47 Ag + 0/-1 e --> [__/__ __]

Answer 34

106/46 Pd

Question 35

classify this equation: 106/47 Ag + 0/-1 e --> 106/46 Pd

Answer 35

electron capture

Question 36

complete each nuclear equation: 242/96 Cm + 4/2 He --> [__/__ __] + 1/0 n

Answer 36

245/98 Cf

Question 37

classify this equation: 242/96 Cm + 4/3 He --> 245/96 Cf + 1/0 n

Answer 37

nuclear bombardment

Question 38

complete each nuclear equation: 2/1 H + 3/1 H --> [__/__ __] + 1/0 n

Answer 38

4/2 He

Question 39

classify this equation: 2/1 H + 3/1 H --> 4/2 He + 1/0 n

Answer 39

fusion

Question 40

complete each nuclear equation: 235/92 U --> [__/__ __] + 91/36 Kr + 2 1/0 n

Answer 40

142/56 Ba

Question 41

classify this equation: 235/92 U --> 142/56 Ba + 91/36 Kr + 2 1/0 n

Answer 41

fission