2.1 Classification and Biodiversity

Question 1

Plants are broadly divided into which two groups

Answer 1

Flowering and non flowering

Question 2

Animals are broadly divided into which two groups

Answer 2

Vertebrates (with backbone) and invertebrates

Question 3

How do scientists classify living things into groups/taxa

Answer 3

Based on similar features

Question 4

All groups/taxa

Answer 4

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 5

Binomial system

Answer 5

Genus species

Question 6

Why do we need scientific names?

Answer 6

Common names vary in different languages; this could cause confusion. A scientific name is universal, same in all languages - (everyone knows which organism is being referred to.)

Question 7

Two different types of adaptations

Answer 7

Morphological and behavioural

Question 8

Morphological adaptations

Answer 8

Structural adaptations of the organism e.g. colour of fur, shape of petal (external or internal)

Question 9

Behavioural adaptations

Answer 9

Includes the time of day when active, what it eats - animal behaviour

Question 10

List the resources needed by living things (6) + needed by

Answer 10

Light - needed by plants to make food for energy
Food - animals for energy
Water - all living organisms for chemical reactions in cells
Oxygen - all living organisms for aerobic respiration - breaking down food to make energy
CO2 - plants for photosynthesis
Minerals - all living organisms for particular chemical reactions in cells

Question 11

Why is energy needed

Answer 11

to carry out all living processes

Question 12

Why are raw materials needed

Answer 12

For chemical processes and to build bodies

Question 13

Intracompetition

Answer 13

Between members of the same species

Question 14

Intercompetition

Answer 14

Between members of different species

Question 15

Why do organisms need to compete with each other

Answer 15

For resources

Question 16

What puts a limit on the potential size of a population

Answer 16

Competition

Question 17

Factors for competition

Answer 17

Resources
Predation
Disease
Pollution

Question 18

Biodiversity defintion

Answer 18

Variety of species and number of individuals within those species

Question 19

Why is biodiversity good :)

Answer 19

Because it leads to stable environments :) which can resist harmful situations

Question 20

How can biodiversity be maintained (6)

Answer 20

• Measuring it and recording changes, making predictions with models
• Breeding or release programs to boost populations
• Active conservation of habitats/species
• Creation of habitats that have declined
• Legislation to protect habitats and species
• Controlling pollution/other factors that threaten a habitat/species

Question 21

Why are quadrats used

Answer 21

To obtain data representing a large area

Question 22

Why are quadrats placed randomly

Answer 22

To avoid bias

Question 23

How to measure patterns of distribution of organisms

Answer 23

Placing quadrats at equal intervals along a transect

Question 24

Conditions that must apply for capture-recapture

Answer 24

• Sufficient time between two samples so animals can mix
• No large scale movement in/out
• Marking technique does not limit organism’s chance of survival

Question 25

Why can introducing alien species cause problems (4)

Answer 25

Alien species may
- Have no predators in the area; its population may grow out of control
- compete with an existing species
- Prey on an existing species
- carry a disease to which it has immunity but existing populations do not

Question 26

Advantages of biological control

Answer 26

• no chemicals/pesticides etc required - no bioaccumulation/pollution
• no problems with resistance

Question 27

Disadvantages of biological control

Answer 27

• Natural predator could become a pest itself (also puts pressure on environment)
• will not completely eradicate pest
• Takes longer