2.1 Classification and Biodiversity Flashcards
Plants are broadly divided into which two groups
Flowering and non flowering
Animals are broadly divided into which two groups
Vertebrates (with backbone) and invertebrates
How do scientists classify living things into groups/taxa
Based on similar features
All groups/taxa
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Binomial system
Genus species
Why do we need scientific names?
Common names vary in different languages; this could cause confusion. A scientific name is universal, same in all languages - (everyone knows which organism is being referred to.)
Two different types of adaptations
Morphological and behavioural
Morphological adaptations
Structural adaptations of the organism e.g. colour of fur, shape of petal (external or internal)
Behavioural adaptations
Includes the time of day when active, what it eats - animal behaviour
List the resources needed by living things (6) + needed by
Light - needed by plants to make food for energy
Food - animals for energy
Water - all living organisms for chemical reactions in cells
Oxygen - all living organisms for aerobic respiration - breaking down food to make energy
CO2 - plants for photosynthesis
Minerals - all living organisms for particular chemical reactions in cells
Why is energy needed
to carry out all living processes
Why are raw materials needed
For chemical processes and to build bodies
Intracompetition
Between members of the same species
Intercompetition
Between members of different species
Why do organisms need to compete with each other
For resources
What puts a limit on the potential size of a population
Competition
Factors for competition
Resources
Predation
Disease
Pollution
Biodiversity defintion
Variety of species and number of individuals within those species
Why is biodiversity good :)
Because it leads to stable environments :) which can resist harmful situations
How can biodiversity be maintained (6)
- Measuring it and recording changes, making predictions with models
- Breeding or release programs to boost populations
- Active conservation of habitats/species
- Creation of habitats that have declined
- Legislation to protect habitats and species
- Controlling pollution/other factors that threaten a habitat/species
Why are quadrats used
To obtain data representing a large area
Why are quadrats placed randomly
To avoid bias
How to measure patterns of distribution of organisms
Placing quadrats at equal intervals along a transect
Conditions that must apply for capture-recapture
- Sufficient time between two samples so animals can mix
- No large scale movement in/out
- Marking technique does not limit organism’s chance of survival
