2.1 Classification of organisms p2.3-8 Flashcards
(46 cards)
Organisms are classified into groups called …
according to ….
taxa (taxon=singular) …
similarities and shared characteristics
The formal scientific classification of organisms into taxa is known as
taxonomy
Name the Swedish botanist who, in 1758, classified living organisms into Plantae and Animalia kingdoms
Carl Linnaeus
What are the two kingdoms of the two-kingdom system
- Animalia
2. Plantae
Who came up with the five-kingdom model?
When?
Robert Whitaker
1969
Name the 5 Kingdoms of the five-kingdom model
- M onera (bacteria)
- P rotista
- F ungi
- P lantae
- A nimalia
5-Kingdom mneumonic
MONEy PROvides FUN PLANned Activities
Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Name the 7 taxa/categories that the 5-kingdoms are divided into (from greatest diversity to greatest similarities)
Kingdom Phylum (animals) or Division (plants) Class Order Family Genus Species
An example of a mneumonic to remember the seven taxa is….
Kings (kingdom) Divide (division=plants / phylum=animals) Classes (class) and Order (order) Families (family) to Give (genus) Silver (species)
What criteria are used to classify organisms into their respective kingdoms (6)
- Body structure
- Cell structure
- Cell wall composition
- Motility
- Mode of nutrition
- Method of reproduction
“body structure” criteria used to classify an organism into a kingdom (3)
unicellular
multicellular
collonies
“Cell structure” criteria used to classify an organism into a kingdom (3)
presence of a nucleus
absence of a nucleus
organelles (chloroplasts)
“Cell wall” criteria used to classify an organism into a kingdom (3)
cellulose
chitin
no cell wall
Which two traits are assessed when deciding the mobility of an organism.
Whether it is mobile or immobile.
“Mode of nutrition” criteria used to classify an organism into a kingdom (2)
autotrophic
heterotrophic
Mode of reproduction criteria (3)
binary fission
asexual
sexual
Define a prokaryote and give an example
A prokaryote is an organism with cells that do NOT have a true nuclei e.g. bacteria
An organism with cells that have a true nuclei
Eukaryote (eu=true)
Which kingdom contains prokaryotes?
Monera / bacteria
Where is a eukaryote’s DNA found? (2 marks)
Inside the nucleus, enclosed by a nuclear membrane
True or False: Prokaryotes contain a true nucleus.
False
Prokaryotes have no separate nucleus and internal structures (those are eukaryotes)
Some bacteria are autotrophic (make their own food - type of photosynthasis). Others are heterotrophic in which case * parasitic * saprophytic * mutualistic What do these mean
Parasitic - dependent on other living organic matter for food.
Saprophytic - dependent on on dead organic matter for food.
Mutualistic - Living with other organisms so that both benefit from the relationship
What are the main characteristics of the Monera Kingdom (e.g. Bacteria)
Unicellular and simple
No true nuclei (prokaryotic)
Cell is surrounded by cell wall
Reproduction occurs by binary fission (cell division into two with identical DNA composition
What are the main characteristics of the Protista Kingdom
- Protozoa
- Algae
- Slime moulds and water moulds
Protizoa - animal-like unicellular, heterotrophic
Algae - plant-like, autotrophic (photosynthesise)
Slime/water moulds - fungus-like organisms
—all—
* Unicellular OR multicellular
* Eukaryotic (all have true nuclei)
* Move by flagella, cillia and cyclosis
* Algae are autotrophic but the rest are all heterotrophic (eat things…)
* Reproduce asexually by binary fission (some algae do reproduce sexually)
