Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOLOGY > 2.1 DNA, RNA and Proteins > Flashcards

2.1 DNA, RNA and Proteins Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

This is the bond that exists between nitrogenous base pairings due to the attraction of a proton and electronegative atom.

A

Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

These are the nitrogenous bases that have a double-ringed base also known as bicyclic.

A

Purine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

These are the nitrogenous bases that have a single-ringed base.

A

Pyrimidines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Base pair of adenine in DNA

A

Thymine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The repeating sugar unit of RNA molecules present in its backbone

A

Ribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

He isolated the material nuclein when studying pus cells prom surgical bandages

A

Friedrich Miescher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

These are the subunits of nucleic acid.

A

Nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The nucleic acid that contains uracil

A

RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What binds pentose sugar with the nitrogenous bases?

A

Glycosidic bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What bonds the phosphate group with the pentose sugar?

A

Phosphoester bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The DNA of this bacteria is negatively supercoiled and organized into a number of independent loops or domains. They have 4.6 million base pairs.

A

Escherichia coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Proteins that assist in further holding of the secondary structure of proteins.

A

Chaperones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What links amino acids together, thus forming a chain?

A

Polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What nitrogenous bases has double rings?

A

Adenine and Guanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nitrogenous bases has single rings

A

Thymine and Cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This structure is attained whenever multiple folded protein subunits form a single complex.

A

Quarternary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The DNA helix have two of these due to the angle of protrusion of the deoxyribose.

A

Grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the sugar in DNA called?

A

Deoxyribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Base pair of Guanine

A

Cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Base pair of Adenine in RNA

A

Uracil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Type of model in DNA replication where DNA is broken into fragments to replicate

A

Dispersive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The mRNA will leave the nucleus after transcription and proceed to this part of the cell.

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What did Friedrich Miescher call on his discovery when he studied the pus cells on surgical bandages.

A

Nuclein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The tautomeric state of purine which is the most important form together with amino.

A

Keto

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The tautomeric states of pyrimidine
amino and imino
26
Tautomeric state of purines
keto and enol
27
Two strands of DNA polynucleotide chains are bound together via
complementary base pairings
28
Short sections of DNA formed at the time of discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand during replication of DNA.
Okazaki
29
They continuously unwinds and opens the DNA at the replication fork
Helicase
30
Seals the nicks between the okazaki fragments
Ligase
31
A strand where replication will occur continuously from 5 prime to 3 prime direction
Leading strand
32
Proteins in DNA replication that allows the DNA helicase and SBP to attach to the DNA
Initiatior
33
Element used by Meselson-Stahl in an experiment to prove the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication.
Nitrogen
34
The two strands of DNA are said to be this. (One strand runs in 5 prime to 3 prime, while the other from 3 prime to 5 prime)
Antiparallel
35
What did Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins perform to analyze the structure of DNA
x-ray crystallography
36
Rule that states: - purine content is roughly equal to pyrimidine content - guanine and cytosine have equal quantities in DNA - adenine and thymine have equal quantities in DNA
Chargaff's Rules
37
The uniformity in size of DNA is due to
complimentary base pairings
38
Adenine and Thymine has how many hydrogen bonds?
2
39
Guanine and Cytosine have how many hydrogen bonds?
3
40
How are the base pairings organized inside the helix?
Base stacking
41
Dexterity of the DNA helix
right
42
DNA conformations that has left hand dexterity
Z-DNA
43
Eukaryotic DNA is known to have linear or distinct ends called?
Telomeres
44
DNA + proteins
Chromatin
45
In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA Replication occur?
S phase
46
The terminus that can be found on the polypeptide chain with the free amino group
N terminus
47
The terminus that can be found on the polypeptide chain with the free carboxylic group
C terminus
48
The structure that refers to the proteins overall folding
Tertiary
49
The subunits of proteins with 20 different kinds
Amino acids
50
Catalyzes the removal of the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides
DNA polymerase I
51
The DNA model wherein two strands will serve as template for the new strand; the accepted model of replication.
Semi-conservative
52
This was used by primary means to study and obtain a high resolution protein structure
DNA crystallography
53
The ability of DNA polymerase I to correct errors in nucleotide selection
proofreading
54
Watson and Crick proposed what model of DNA replication
Semi-conservative model
55
The intermediate molecule during gene expression. It contains a copy of the information in DNA that must be translated into proteins
mRNA
56
Strand that creates Okazaki fragments
Lagging strand
57
Synthesizes deoxyribonucleotide chains from the 3'-OH end of the RNA primers and performs DNA proofreading via its exonuclease activity.
DNA polymerase III
58
Small RNA's that are essential in the regulation of gene expression.
miRNA
59
The process that allows the information in the mRNA transcript to be translated into the amino sequence in proteins.
translation
60
A product of transcription of DNA
RNA
61
A group of catalytic RNA molecules
Ribozymes
62
a ribozyme that catalyzes tRNA synthesis
RNase P
63
Each amino acids consists of
A carboxyl group, a side chain R, an amino group and a proton
64
Structure of protein wherein it is attained by the formation of peptide bond between each amino acids
primary structure
65
protein structure in which it may be in a form of a helix or pleated sheet
Secondary structure
66
protein structure in which it consists of polypeptides and both helices and sheets
secondary
67
An enormous collection of published experiments of the structures of DNA, RNA, and Proteins; enables us to view the 3D structure of proteins.
Protein Data Bank
68
Important protein for lipid breakdown
Hexosaminidase
69
Stabilizes the tertiary structures
covalent and non covalent interactions
70
Bonds that form sheets and helices
Hydrogen bonds
71
They hold the amino acids together
peptide bonds

BIOLOGY (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions