2.1 Elements And Atoms

Question 1

science that studies the structure of matter

Answer 1

chemistry

Question 2

anything that takes up space and has mass.

Answer 2

matter

Question 3

-amount of material in matter

Answer 3

mass

Question 4

-a physical property that determines the weight of an
object in Earth’s gravitational field.

Answer 4

mass

Question 5

true or false

in orbit you would be
weightless, but your mass would remain unchanged

Answer 5

true

Question 6

true or false

the mass and weight are not always equivalent

Answer 6

true

Question 7

3 states of matter

Answer 7

solid
liquid
gas

Question 8

-maintain their volume and their shape in ordinary temperatures and pressures.

Answer 8

solids

Question 9

-possess particles that are held tightly together and are typically the densest of the three states

a. liquid
b. solid
c. gas

Answer 9

b. solid

Question 10

-maintain a constant volume but have no fixed shape.

• their shape is determined by the shape of its container

Answer 10

liquid

Question 11

The particles of this state of matter are loosely held together and are typically less dense than solids.

a. liquid
b. solid
c. gas

Answer 11

a. liquid

Question 12

-do not maintain a constant volume or fixed shape
-can be compressed or expanded

Answer 12

gas

Question 13

the particles are independent of each other and therefore result in the least dense state

a. liquid
b. solid
c. gas

Answer 13

c. gas

Question 14

Matter is composed of one or more types of substances called

Answer 14

elements

Question 15

how many are the naturally occurring elements?

Answer 15

92

Question 16

approximately 96% of the human body is created by what elements?

Answer 16

Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Question 17

percentage of oxygen in the body

Answer 17

65%

Question 18

percentage of carbon in the body

Answer 18

18.6%

Question 19

percentage of hydrogen in the body

Answer 19

9.7 %

Question 20

percentage of nitrogen in the body

Answer 20

3.2%

Question 21

principle elements in the body

Answer 21

Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Calcium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sodium
Chlorine
Magnesium
Sulfur
Iron
Iodine
Trace elements

Question 22

The human body also contains 14 other elements in very small amounts. These are known as

Answer 22

trace elements

Question 23

smallest indivisible unit of an element and are therefore the smallest stable units of matter

Answer 23

atom

Question 24

3 subatomic particles

Answer 24

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Question 25

subatomic particle that possesses a positive electrical charge and has a high mass and low energy.

Answer 25

protons

Question 26

an electrically neutral subatomic particle that has a high mass and low energy.

Answer 26

neutrons

Question 27

-subatomic particle that possesses a negative electrical charge -they have low mass but high energy.

Answer 27

electrons

Question 28

-lies at the center of an atom - contains one or more protons and it may contain neutrons as well.

Answer 28

nucleus

Question 29

The electrons of the atoms whirl rapidly around the nucleus, creating an

Answer 29

electron cloud

Question 30

Electrons are often shown in a fixed orbit around the nucleus called an

Answer 30

electron shell

Question 31

outermost shell of an atom is called the

Answer 31

valence shell

Question 32

a pure substance consisting only of one type of atom.

Answer 32

element

Question 33

abbreviation of an element that is recognized by scientists

Answer 33

chemical symbol

Question 34

true or false Elements are listed in the periodic chart in order of their atomic number

Answer 34

true

Question 35

-defines the number of protons in the atom.

Answer 35

atomic number

Question 36

possess the same number of protons and electrons

Answer 36

neutral atoms

Question 37

atoms that possess a charge

Answer 37

ions

Question 38

differentiate cation and anion

Answer 38

cation- donor; positively charged atoms created by the loss of one or more electrons anion- receiver; negatively charged atoms created by the gaining of one or more electrons.

Question 39

total number of protons and neutrons.

Answer 39

mass number

Question 40

Atoms whose nuclei contain the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons

Answer 40

isotopes

Question 41

-actual mass of an atom - is an average mass number that reflects the proportion of different isotopes

Answer 41

atomic weight