2.1: Kinetic Theory

Question 1

What are the 4 states of matter?

Answer 1

Plasma, gas, solid liquid

Question 2

Ionization

Answer 2

Gas > plasma

Question 3

Deionization

Answer 3

Plamsa > gas

Question 4

Sublimation

Answer 4

Solid > gas

Question 5

Decomposition

Answer 5

Gas > solid

Question 6

Melting

Answer 6

Solid > liquid

Question 7

Freezing

Answer 7

Liquid >solid

Question 8

Condensation

Answer 8

Gas > liquid

Question 9

Vaporization

Answer 9

Liquid > gas

Question 10

What is the particle model?

Answer 10

1. Matter is composed of particles that are very little and have space between them
2. Particles attract or repel each other, force varying according to distance
3. Particles are always in motion

Question 11

In what ways can solids move? Why?

Answer 11

Vibration only (bending, as.sym stretching) because particles are too close together to allow for more movement.

Question 12

In what ways can liquids move? Why?

Answer 12

Vibrations + rotation + min. translation. Particles are a bit further apart.

Question 13

In what ways can gasses move? Why?

Answer 13

Vibrate + rotate + translate (in a straight line). So much space between particles.

Question 14

Can the three states of matter be compressed? Why/why not?

Answer 14

Solid: no due to forces attracting/repelling + not enough space between particles
Liquid: Most of the time no due to forces
Gas: Yes because of great distance between particles, and almost no forces between them

Question 15

How does particle organization differ in the three states of matter?

Answer 15

Solid: organized and stiff
Liquid: looser structure
Gas: no organization

Question 16

What is entropy (S)?

Answer 16

Tendency towards disorder (warmer temp, more particle agitation, more entropy)

Question 17

Define temperature

Answer 17

The amount of microscopic movement in a substance, measured on a macroscopic level

Question 18

How does temperature affect Ek?

Answer 18

Higher temp = higher rate of translation (gas movement) = higher particle velocity

Question 19

How is Ek exchanged between gas particles?

Answer 19

Bump into each other, one accelerates (usually the lighter) and one decelerates (usually the heavier)

Question 20

What graph allows us to average particle speed based on temp and how?

Answer 20

Boltzmann distribution graph of scatter plots, lower and wider = hot whereas higher and shorter = less hot

Question 21

What is the kinetic theory of gasses (based on an ideal “perfectly behaved” gas)

Answer 21

1. Particles always in motion, moving in a straight line in all directions
2. Particles are incredibly small, incredibly smaller than its container
3. Particles do not interact with each other (no forces)
4. Particle E* proportional to T