2.1 measuring devt Flashcards
(7 cards)
+ve impacts of devt?
(3 pts)
- provision of basic needs
- better governance
- more sustainable patterns of devt
-ve impacts of devt?
- growing inequality
- undermining of local cultures
- increase in env unsustainable practices
- growing dependency of poor countries on richer nations
traditional measures of econ devt?
- GDP
- GNP
issues w traditional measures of econ devt?
- conversions create distortions bc of diff & changing rates of inflation
- intl exchange does not necessarily reflect the relative purchasing power of one country against another
- doesn’t indicate income distribution
- no other types of devt
how to measure devt holistically?
env, social, political, env
- HDI (human devt index)
- MPI (multidimensional poverty index)
features + limitations + egs of HDI
health: phy well-being, life expectancy at birth
edu: mean years of sch for 25 y/o, expected no. of sch years for children
SOL: GNI adjusted to PPP (purchasing power parity)
limitations:
- availability of data
- varied reliability and comparability (qty =/= qlty)
- 3 indicators are better but not enough
- can mask regional disparities (rural vs urban, diff ethnic grps, gender)
eg: 2019
- highest: norway - index of 0.957
- 82.4 year life expectancy
- 12.9 avg years of sch
- $66,494 GNI per capita
- lowest: niger - index of 0.394
- 62.4 year life expectancy
- 2.1 avg years of sch
- $1,201 GNI per capita
features + limits + egs of MPI
health: nutrition. child mortality
edu: years of schooling, sch atttendance
living standards: cooking fuel, sanitation, drinking water, electricity, housing, assets
- note: skewed towards LDCs
limitations:
- estimates presented varies over 2008-2018 → limits cross country comparability
- standard survey only collected every 3 years → limits ability to detect changes
- only covers 107 LDCs not DCs
- doesnt measure inequality among the poor
- data of political freedom, gender, etc are missing due to lack of data
egs:
- 1.3bil of 5.9bil are considered multidimensionally poor (22%)
- 84% of these ppl live in sub saharan africa and south asia
