21 Nutrition and Digestion

Question 1

List all the organs of the human alimentary canal in the correct order, starting at the mouth

Answer 1

• mouth
• pharynx
• esophagus
• stomach
• small intestines (duedenum, jejenum, ileum)
• large intestine (cecum, colon, rectum)
• anus

Question 2

Define the term accessory glands/organs and list them sequentially as they apply to the digestive system

Answer 2

not part of the digestive tract, but they have a role in digestive activities
Salivary Glands
It begins the chemical digestion of starches through the action of amylase, which breaks down polysaccharides into disaccharides.
Liver
creates bile that breaks up fats
Gallbladder
stores file until it is needed in the small intestine
Pancreas
produces pancreatic juice, a mixture of digestive enzymes and an alkaline solution that initializes the acidity of time as it enters the small intestine.

Question 3

What is the overall function of the digestive system?

Answer 3

ingestion,digestion, absorption, and elimination

Question 4

Digestion

Answer 4

breakdown of food into small molecules, which are then absorbed into the body.

Question 5

Hydrolytic enzyme

Answer 5

break down protein, carbohydrate, and fat molecules into their simplest units.

Question 6

Food is derived from living organisms. What classes of an organic macromolecules are found in food?

Answer 6

Proteins.
Carbohydrates.
Lipids.
Nucleic Acids.

Question 7

What foods are rich in protein?

Answer 7

meat, fish, cheese, tofu, beans, lentils, yogurt, eggs, nuts, and seeds.

Question 8

What are essential amino acids?

Answer 8

the ones we can't make for ourselves
histidine, 
isoleucine,
 leucine,
 lysine,
 methionine,
 phenylalanine,
 threonine,
 tryptophan,
 valine.

Question 9

What is a complete protein?

Answer 9

contains an adequate proportion of all nine of the essential amino acids necessary for the dietary needs of humans or other animals.

Question 10

What is an incomplete protein?

Answer 10

lacking in one or more of the amino acids we need to build cells.

Question 11

How can someone get the essential amino acids using incomplete protein sources

Answer 11

By adding together different complete proteins as they

Question 12

What food sources are good sources of carbs?

Answer 12

grains potatoes

Question 13

Carbs are primary energy substrate for bodies. what chief organic molecules to our cells need that is supplied by carbs? Why do our cells need it?

Answer 13

monosaccharide simple sugars
Glucose
sucrose
starches
fast energy for cells

Question 14

What foods are good sources of lipid?

Answer 14

Fats,oils

Question 15

What is linoleic acid? Why do we need it?

Answer 15

build specialized fats called omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.
Used to make some of the phospholipids of cell membranes.

Question 16

What is saturated fat and how does it relate to cholesterol? What foods have a lot of saturated fat?

Answer 16

fat molecules that have no double bonds between carbon molecules because they are saturated with hydrogen molecules
Meat and diary

Question 17

What is the difference between vitamin and minerals?

Answer 17

Vitamins are organic and can be broken down by heat, air, or acid. Minerals are inorganic and hold on to their chemical structure.

Question 18

What is the difference between fat and water-soluble vitamins? What happens if you ingest too many fat-soluble vitamins? Water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 18

Start soluble vitamins are absorbed through the live overconsumption can lead to hyper vitamin dose is because it is stored in the fat cells. Water-soluble vitamins can pass the system body only absorbs what it needs.