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OTC Test > Casts, Splints, and Accessories > Flashcards

Casts, Splints, and Accessories Flashcards

1
Q

body cast

A
  • circumferential cast enclosing the trunk of the body and may extend from the head of upper chest to the groin or thigh
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2
Q

extension body c.

A
  • chest-groin

- extended trunk

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3
Q

flexion body c.

A
  • chest-groin

- flexed trunk

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4
Q

halo c.

A
  • thoracic to pelvic level
  • supports posts attached to metal halo
  • skeletally fixed halo
  • for cervical fractures
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5
Q

Minerva jacket

A
  • extends along the side and in back of the head and neck
  • chest to hip
  • plaster of Paris headband
  • cervical fractures and scoliosis
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6
Q

scoliosis c.

A
  • preop and postop treatment of scoliosis

- mostly replaced by op fixes and prefab braces

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7
Q

Three types of scoliosis cast modifications

A
  • Cotrel c.
  • turnbuckle c.
  • Risser localizer
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8
Q

Cotrel c.

A
  • modified scoliosis c.

- applied s/p Cotrel traction

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9
Q

turnbuckle c.

A
  • special modification to allow changes in angle by use of turnbuckles on either side of cast
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10
Q

Risser localizer

A
  • specialized body cast with localized pressure over convex side of curve
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11
Q

Spica cast

A
  • immobilizes an appendage by incorporating a part of the body proximal to that appendage
  • hip, thumb, and shoulder
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12
Q

arm cylinder c.

A
  • long-arm cast with the elbow flexed and the wrist free
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13
Q

Dehne c. (three-finger spica)

A
  • incorporates the thumb with a separate extension incorporating the index and middle fingers
  • navicular fractures
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14
Q

drop out cast

A
  • elbow contracture
  • modification of the long-arm cast with posterior portion above elbow, cut out to allow arm extension due to gravity on forearm
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15
Q

gauntlet c.

A
  • short cast extending from slightly above or proximal to the wrist to some point in the palm
  • usually has some outrigger to control one or more digits
  • MC and phalangeal fractures or dislocations
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16
Q

hanging arm c.

A
  • long-arm cast that, through suspension from a sling around the neck, brings about traction of fracture fragments of the distal humerus
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17
Q

long-arm c (LAC)

A
  • extends from the palm and wrist to axilla, with the elbow at 90 degrees and the wrist at neutral, preventing movement at the elbow
  • forearm, elbow, and humerus fractures
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18
Q

cotton-loader position c.

A
  • rarely used long-arm cast applied with the wrist in full pronation, flexion, and ulnar deviation
  • distal radial fracture
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19
Q

Munster c.

A
  • cast that comes above condyle to prevent pronatnion and supination but allows some flexion/extension of the elbow
  • supracondylar c.
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20
Q

short-arm c. (SAC)

A
  • any of a number of casts extending from the elbow to the palm or digits
  • commonly used for distal forearm and wrist fractures
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21
Q

shoulder spica (airplane c.)

A
  • cast that incorporates the upper torso and envelops a part or all of the limb in a position of abduction
  • proximal humeral fractures
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22
Q

thumb spica

A
  • short- or long-arm cast that incorporates the thumb

- navicular fractures

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23
Q

cylinder c.

A
  • cast from proximal thigh to just above ankle

- injuries of the knee

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24
Q

Delbert c.

A
  • short-leg cast that is trimmed away from the anterior and posterior portions of the ankle and from the heel
  • allows dorsiflexion and plantarflexion while maintaining lateral stability
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25
Q

gel c.

A
  • semirigid past cast
  • usually applied to lower leg and foot for ankle injuries or swelling
  • unna boot
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26
Q

hip spica

A
  • cast incorporating the lower torso and extending to one of both lower limbs
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27
Q

Batchelor plaster

A
  • hip spica cast that holds the hip in internal rotation but allows motion in other planes
  • dysplastic hip in an infant
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28
Q

double hip spica

A
  • cast incorporating both the lower torso and lower limbs

- bilateral hip, femur, and/or tibia fractures

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29
Q

panty c.

A
  • double hip spica that only includes thighs, leaving the knees and leg free
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30
Q

1 1/2 hip spica

A
  • cast that incorporates the lower torso, entire affected limb, and opposite limb to just above the knee
  • proximal femoral fractures and some pelvic fractures
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31
Q

Petrie spica c. (broom-stick)

A
  • specially applied cast for abduction to assist in ambulation for Legg-Calves-Perthes disease
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32
Q

single hip spica

A
  • cast incorporating the lower torso and entire position of only one leg
  • femoral fractures
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33
Q

long-leg c. (LLC)

A
  • non-weightbearging cast extending from the upper thigh to the toes
  • tibia and fibula fractures or ligament injuries of the knee
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34
Q

long-leg walking c. (LLWC)

A
  • a cast from the upper thigh to the toes, with a cast shoe or with an attached rubber sole device called a walker
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35
Q

Quengle c.

A
  • a two-part cast hinged at the knee level, with the lower end of the cast ending at the ankle or foot, and the above-knee portion ending at the upper thigh
  • flexion contracture of the knee
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36
Q

short-leg c. (SLC)

A
  • non-weightbearing cast extending from just below the knee to the toes
  • injuries of the lower limb, ankle, and foot
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37
Q

short-leg walking c. (SLWC)

A
  • reinforced to accept a cast shoe or with an attached rubber walker
  • ankle and foot injuries
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38
Q

patellar tendon weightbearing cast (PTB)

A
  • short leg walking cast with special molding at the patellar tendon, condyles, and calf in order to reduce rotation and provide hydraulic forces on ambulation
  • distal 1/3 or lower tibial fractures
  • Sarmiento cast
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39
Q

slipper c.

A
  • incorporating the foot up to the ankle

- rigid postoperative dressing following forefoot procedures

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40
Q

toe spica

A
  • cast specifically designed to incorporate all of the great toe and a portion or all of the foot
  • s/p bunionectomy
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41
Q

well-leg c.

A
  • casts applied to both lower limbs and then attached together
  • used in some rare instances for treatment of femoral fractures
42
Q

air cast

A
  • variety of items
  • most commonly used for ankle stirrups
  • has airbags on each side
43
Q

ankle stirrup

A
  • hard plastic that coves the lateral and medial ankle and lower part of the leg, held in place with Velcro straps and has air bladders
  • ankle sprains and some fractures
44
Q

bivalve c.

A
  • cast split in half (shelled) by cuts made on opposite sides of the cast to release pressure or allow removal and reapplication of the cast which as would be needed for wound care and PT
45
Q

Boston bivalve

A
  • cast split in half with a step cut rather than a straight line
  • most often done when the cast is going to be removed, often for PT, then reapplied
46
Q

univalve c.

A
  • cast split on one side to relieve pressure
47
Q

cast boot

A
  • variety of commercially available strap-on boots that can serve the function of a short-leg cast
48
Q

CAM walker

A
  • free motion ankles

- high or low tide walker, tibial gaiter

49
Q

collar and cuff

A
  • sling with a soft portion wrapped around the neck and a cuff-like device wrapped around to support the distal forearm, sometimes with additional support of a wrist band
  • humeral fractures
50
Q

corrective c.

A
  • made to correct a deformity by nonsurgical technique

- commonly applied to clubfeet

51
Q

fenestrate

A
  • to cut an opening (window) in a dressing or cast to allow inspection of a part
52
Q

petaling edges

A
  • to eliminate abrasion from the edge of a cast, small vertical slits are made at the edges of the cast, then the edges (petals) are folded out and held in place by adhesive tape, moleskin, or other material
53
Q

serial c.

A
  • any sequence of casts applied in the progressive correction of deformity
54
Q

wedge

A
  • circumferential cutting of the cast and reapplication of plaster over the same cast after manipulation has been performed to change bone position
55
Q

closing wedge

A
  • removal of a segment of plaster, with closing of that wedge by manipulation and reapplication of plaster
56
Q

opening wedge

A
  • circular cut cast that is opened by manipulation and then covered with a new layer of plaster
57
Q

window

A
  • removal of a piece of cast, usually square or rectangular, to allow inspection of a wound or relieve pressure at a specific point
58
Q

abduction bar

A
  • helps maintain hip abduction

- any bar placed between two long leg casts

59
Q

cast brace

A
  • modifications of standard casts often applied to facilitate early motion
  • designed with normal physiology in mind while still protecting the fracture site
  • molded like prosthetic-type devices
  • usually hinged at the joints to allow some free motion of joints and to improve muscle recovery
60
Q

cast protectors

A
  • waterproof covers for a limb cast, allowing patient to shower or bathe
61
Q

cast shoe

A
  • replaces walking heels

- a Velcro strap-on shoe to protect the bottom of the cast for weightbearing

62
Q

walker (walking heel)

A
  • hard rubber wedges directly incorporated into the sole of a cast to allow walking or resting the leg
63
Q

burns

A
  • applying cast material with water temperature too warm
64
Q

constrictive edema

A
  • disruption of normal venous drainage resulting in fluid accumulation in soft tissue
  • swelling distal to point of constriction caused by circulation impairment
65
Q

decubitus ulcer

A
  • area of skin breakdown and/or subcutaneous tissue as a result of unrelieved pressure on a bony prominence or portion of the body resting on a firm surface for a long time
66
Q

stage I decubitus ucler

A
  • only involves the dermis
67
Q

stage II decubitus ulcer

A
  • dermis and subcutaneous fat involvment
68
Q

stage III decubitus ulcer

A
  • ulcer involves some deep fascia or muscle

- bone not uncovered

69
Q

stage IV decubitus ulcer

A
  • bone is exposed
70
Q

dropfoot

A
  • paralysis of the peroneal nerve resulting from pressure over the fibular head leading to inability to dorsiflex the ankle
71
Q

muscle atrophy

A
  • loss of muscle tissue due to protracted disuse secondary to joint immobilization
72
Q

pin tract infection

A
  • direct bacterial contamination of external traction pins or skeletal fixation
  • may lead to osteomyelitis
73
Q

pressure sore

A
  • breakdown of skin and/or subcutaneous tissue because of direct pressure of displaced or bunched cotton padding under cast
  • created by pressure longer than 4 hours
74
Q

superior mesenteric artery syndrome

A
  • disruption of circulation to the bowel
  • after body cast application
  • causes abdominal pain, diarrhea, and severe problems
75
Q

airplane s.

A
  • removable cast or prefabricated device used to hold the arm in abduction
76
Q

aluminum foam s.

A
  • straight, metallic foam, padded splint of various widths from 1/2 to 2 inches
  • hand and finger injuries
77
Q

baseball s.

A
  • prefabricated metallic splint applied to the volar forearm and hand
  • palm portion of the splint positions the hand as if it were holding a baseball
78
Q

Bohler s.

A
  • designed to maintain proper position and continuous traction
  • spiral phalangeal fractures of the fingers
79
Q

coaptation s.

A
  • two slabs of plaster that are placed on either side of the limb and held together by some outer dressing
  • limb injuries
80
Q

dynamic s.

A
  • any device that incorporates spring, elastic bands, and other materials that produce a constant active force to help reduce a deformity or counteract deforming forces
81
Q

frog s.

A
  • aluminum foam splint for finger injuries

- before application, splint has frog-shaped appearance

82
Q

gutter s.

A
  • semicircular or U-shaped splint fashioned around the injured part
  • metacarpal and phalangeal fractures of the ulnar side of the hand
83
Q

hairpin s.

A
  • spring-assisted splint to help gain extension in a finger injury affecting the joint
84
Q

have shell

A
  • spica cast

- section of the cast that remains after it has been bivalved and a portion removed

85
Q

laced-splint

A
  • laced canvas ankle and proximal foot wrap that is held in place by laces
  • some have available rigid plastic inserts
86
Q

long-arm s.

A
  • splint applied from axilla to wrist or distal palm posteriorly
  • holds the elbow and wrist in any given position
87
Q

long-leg s.

A
  • splint extending from the thigh to the lower calf or distally to the toes
88
Q

night s.

A
  • any splint or similar device used only at night
89
Q

pneumatic compression boot or sleeve

A
  • intermittent compression to a limb

- helps prevent venous thrombosis

90
Q

short-arm s.

A
  • splint extending from distal elbow to palm

- non-displaced fractures or after advanced fracture healing

91
Q

short-leg s.

A
  • splint extending from the upper calf to toes for initial immobilization
92
Q

sugar tong s.

A
  • long slab of plaster applied to the affected limb cupping a distal joint
93
Q

universal gutter s.

A
  • wire mesh splint for lower extremity fractures
94
Q

Velcro s.

A
  • commercial name becoming generic referring to splints that have straps or surfaces that adhere to each other
95
Q

Velpeau s.

A
  • soft dressing that surrounds the shoulder and arm with arm held close to chest and typically elbow flexed greater than 90 degrees
  • shoulder dislocation, humeral fracture, and other upper limb conditions
96
Q

volar s.

A
  • specifies a splint applied to the anterior forearm
97
Q

wraparound s.

A
  • various commercially available splints that can be wrapped around a limb but are easily removable for physical therapy or wound care
98
Q

cane

A
  • used on the contralateral side

- lower limb injuries

99
Q

crutches

A
  • three-point stance when non-weight bearing on affected side
  • fractures, sprains, and s/p surgery
100
Q

spring-loaded crutches

A
  • absorbs peak stress, reduces shock, and reduces fatigue in upper limbs
101
Q

walkers

A
  • assistive lightweight metallic devices

- allows patient to apply weight bearing ability bilaterally when there is instability in walker

OTC Test (7 decks)

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