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Special Populations > Special Pops Exam 2 > Flashcards

Special Pops Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Lower Body Limb Amputation Vascular DEF

A
  • most common >50yo
  • peripheral neuropathy (Diabetes2)
  • peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
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2
Q

Lower Body Limb Amputation NonVascular DEF

A
  • <50yo
  • trauma
  • tumors
  • congenital deformity
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3
Q

Peripheral Neuropathy

A
  • nerve damage
  • weakness/clumsiness
  • pain
  • dec sensation of texture/temp
  • impaired balance
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4
Q

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Physiological

A
  • obstruction of arteries
  • ischemia
  • claudication
  • slowed wound healing
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5
Q

Gangrene

A
  • tissue death
  • infection or ischemia
  • revascularization or amputation
  • sepsis
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6
Q

Exercise Considerations for Lower Body Amputee

A
  • En. expend. is higher
  • Skin/Stump issues (infection/(phant)px)
  • Overuse of non involved limb
  • Ex Response (amt musc remaining)
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7
Q

Exercise Testing for Lower Body Amputee

A 
Functional
-Walking  capacity
Modes
-arm/leg/cycle ergometer
-resistance machines
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8
Q

Exercise Prescription for lower body amputee

A
  • incorp largest amt of musculature
  • CV benefits
  • Minimize injury/px
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9
Q

Spinal Cord Injury DEF

A
  • trauma, infect, tumor (male 80%trauma)
  • spina bifida
  • multiple sclerosis
  • impairments (sensoimotor, autonomic, physiological, locomotor)
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10
Q

Spinal Cord Injury Autonomic Nervous System

A

EFFERENT MOTOR
-paralyzed muscle fibers innervated by damaged nerve
AFFERENT SENSORY
-skin stim, musc tension, length/position, rate of movm

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11
Q

Spinal Cord Injury Degree of Impairment Spec

A

T6 and above

  • respiration and motor ctrl depending on funct capaciy of ab muscles
  • lack cntrl bladder, bowels, sex funct, trunk has full ROM
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12
Q

SCI Impairment levels

A 
Nerve level and Damage
-determine degree of motor, sensory, autonomic dysfunction
Ex Related Prob
-dec large muscle groups
-insufficient CV stim
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13
Q

SCI Secondary Complications

A 
SKIN Decubitus ulcers
-chg BF (skin subcutaneus tissues)
-dec elasticity
-infection
BONES osteoporosis/fx
-no wtb, musc activity
-longer to heal w/fx
HO heterotopic ossification
-hip/knees jt stiffening/fusion
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14
Q

Additional SCI Complications

A 
MUSCLES spasticity hypertonia
-exaggerated reflexes
-grasping fine mtr control
FLACIDITY atonia
-grater musc and bone atrophy
CONTRACTURES 
-shortening of musc
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15
Q

SCI precautions/modifications

A 
SKIN
-chg position
-check for issues
-cushion/strapping/suppor
BONE
-standing/harness
-careful transfers/fall prevention
JOINT
-passive ROM
-Empty bowel/urine bag
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16
Q

General Complications for SCI

A
  • Thermoregulation
  • UTI
  • Pain UE
  • Chronic Restrictive Pulmonary Disease
  • Deep Vein Thrombosis
  • Orthostatic hypotension
17
Q

Diabetes hyperglycemic Symptoms

Type

A
  • fatigue
  • polydipsia/polyurea
  • wt loss
  • polyphagia
18
Q

Hyperglycemic Sypmtoms Type 2

A
  • blurred vision
  • poor wound healing
  • inc infections
  • prolonged severe hyperglycemia
19
Q

Hypoglycemia Symptoms

A

-tachycardia
-palpitations
-perspiration
-sensations of anxiety/hunger
-prolonged = neurogluopenia
(Drunk)

20
Q

Type 1 Diabetes

A
  • <30 yo
  • autoimmune
  • limits insulin (dont have insuling production)
  • body destroys own beta cells and wont produce insulin
21
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A
  • > 30 yo
  • insulin resistance
  • pancreas fatigues over time
  • genetics/enviroment
  • metabolic syndrome
22
Q

Diabetes Complications

A
  • CHD incidence 2-4 x higher
  • Stroke 2-4 x higher
  • hypertension
  • retinopathy
  • nephropathy
  • neuropathy (peripheral/autonomic)
23
Q

Diabetes Ex Rx

A
  • keep log
  • plan
  • modify caloric intake
  • adjust insulin
  • good shoes
  • mode (non/partial wt bearing)
24
Q

Diabetes Ex Rx regarding BG

A

BG>250mm/dl= test urine, keytones =no ex
BG>300mm/d and no keytones =use caution
BG<100mg/dl= rule of 15s (15g 15min check)

25
Q

ADA guidelines for Diabetes

A
  • DV 150 min/wk mod or 90 min/wk inten
  • no more than 2 days between bouts
  • resistance training apparently healthy
26
Q

Type 1 vs Type 2 EX RX

A

Type 1
-sim to apparently healthy
Type 2
-aligned w/ obese

27
Q

Obesity Body Comp Measurement

A

-BMI greater than 30

32/% men/women

28
Q

Obesity Etiology

A

Genetic
-25-40% obesity variability
ENVIRONMENT
-nature/nurture child/adult

29
Q

Energy Balance Obesity

A 
High Energy Intake
-larger storage of fat than equal amount of CHO
-malnutrition (nutrient deficiencies)
Low Energy Output
-TEE=RMR+PA+TEF
-RMR=67% (60-75)
-PA=23%
-TEF=10%
30
Q

Metabolic Syndrome

A

ANY 3

  • inc Body fat
  • inc insulin resistance
  • dec lipace (fatty deposits in liver)
  • dyslipedemia (bad cholesterol)
  • HTN
  • Inflamation
31
Q

Visceral Adiposity

A 
Hormones
-GI hormones (orexigenic and anoretic)
Adipocyte HNS
-leptin
-adiponectin
-inflammatory
Estrogen**
32
Q

EX RX for obesity

A 
F-5-7 something every day
I- conversation
-watch for fatigue
-not focus initially
T- limit WB initially
-ADL's
-Resistance training
T- 15-30 min to 50-6- min day
33
Q

Obesity Treatment Options

A
  • diet therapy
  • PA
  • Behavorial modifiation
  • Pharmocatherapy (appetite suppressents, CNs stim, fat absorb inhib)
  • Surgery
34
Q

Bariatric Surgery Issues

A
  • Nutritional Deficiencies
  • iron
  • calcium
  • fat sol
  • vit B
  • vit C
35
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia

A
  • BP CV function
  • extreme hypertension response to noxious stim
  • skin trauma
  • bowel impaction
  • bladder overextension (UTI)
  • Missing Sympathetic NS response
36
Q

Symptoms of Autonomic Dysreflexia

A
  • sudden headache, spots/blurred vision, nausea
  • vasodialation
  • nasal stuffiness, anxiety
  • medical emergency can be fatal
  • treat w body repositioning
37
Q

Elite athletes equipment examples

A
  • racing wheelchairs
  • bicycles, tricycles, arm cranks
  • court/field sports
  • prosthesis
  • tighter push rim
38
Q

Elite athletes with impairments injuries prevelence/prevention

A
  • no incr risk
  • upper limb overuse
  • thermal stress treatment different
  • proper fit wheelchair/prost is key
39
Q

Elite athletes w/ impairments benefits

A
  • better health than other wheelchair

- fewer complications, doc visits, rehospitilations

Special Populations (3 decks)

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