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A&P Lecture Unit 2 > Chapter 5 Functions, Burn Specifics of Integument > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Functions, Burn Specifics of Integument Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the Integumentary system?

A
  • Protection
  • Body temperature regulation
  • Cutaneous sensation
  • Metabolic functions
  • Blood reservoir
  • Excretion
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2
Q

What are the three types of barriers in the integument which are part of the Protection function?

A

Chemical barriers
Physical barriers
Biological barriers

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3
Q

What is included in the integument’s chemical barriers

A
  • Skin secretions: low pH retards bacterial multiplication

- Melanin: defense against UV radiation damage

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4
Q

What is included in the integument’s physical barriers?

A
  • Flat, dead cells of stratum corneum surrounded by lipids
  • Keratin and glycolipids block most water and water- soluble substances
  • Limited penetration of skin of harmful substances
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5
Q

What is included in the integument’s biological barriers?

A

-Dendritic cells of epidermis: Present foreign antigens to white blood cells
-Macrophages of dermis
Present foreign antigens to white blood cells
-DNA
Its electrons absorb UV radiation
Radiation converted to heat

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6
Q

What are the main functions of the Integumentary system?

A
  • Protection
  • Body temperature regulation
  • Cutaneous sensation
  • Metabolic functions
  • Blood reservoir
  • Excretion
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7
Q

Under the integumentary function of Body Temperature Regulation: If body temp normal ~500 ml/day of routine ___ ___ (if environmental temperature below 31-32° C)

A

Insensible persperation

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8
Q

How much insensible perspiration does the body sweat out per day?

A

~500 ml/day of routine insensible persperation

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9
Q

During insensible perspiration, what must the environmental temp be for normal ~500 ml/day ?

A

Environmental temperature below 31-32° C

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10
Q

If body temperature rises, dilation of dermal vessels and increased sweat gland activity cool the body. What type of perspiration is this?

A

Sensible perspiration

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11
Q

In a cold external environment, body temp regulation causes:

A
  • dermal blood vessels to constrict

- skin temp drops to slow passive heat loss

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12
Q

Under the integumentary function of Cutaneous Sensations: The cutaneous sensory receptors (part of the nervous system) detect …?

A
  • Temp
  • Touch
  • Pain
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13
Q

What are included in the integument’s Metabolic Functions?

A
  • Synthesis of Vitamin D precursor and collagenase

- Chemical conversion of carcinogens and activate some hormones

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14
Q

Integument Function: Blood reservoir makes up to _ % of the body’s blood volume

A

5%

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15
Q

Integument Function: Excretion of…?

A

Nitrogenous wastes and salt in sweat

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16
Q

Three major types of skin cancer:

A
  • Basal cell carcinoma: Most common, does not metastasize, least serious
  • Squamous cell carcinoma: 2nd most common, metastatic
  • Melanoma: most dangerous
17
Q

A burn is tissue damaged by heat, electricity, radiation, or certain chemicals. Burns…

A
  • Denature proteins

- Kills cells

18
Q

A burn is an immediate threat because …?

A

Dehydration and electrolytes are imbalanced

19
Q

When dehydration and electrolytes are imbalanced, this leads to

A

renal shutdown and circulatory shock

20
Q

To evaluate burns:

A
  • Use the rule of nines

- Used to estimate volume of fluid loss

21
Q

Rule of nines: Anterior and posterior head and neck make up

A

9%

22
Q

Rule of nines: Anterior and posterior upper limbs make up

A

18%

23
Q

Rule of nines: Perineum makes up

A

1%

24
Q

Rule of nines: Anterior and posterior lower limbs make up

A

36%

25
Q

The rule of nines method divides the body into _ areas, each accounting for _ ____, plus an additional 1% for the area surrounding the genitals

A

11 , 9% of total body area

26
Q

What are the two degrees associated with Partial-thickness burns?

A

First degree

Second degree

27
Q

What is a first degree burn?

A

Epidermal damage only

Localized redness, edema (swelling), and pain

28
Q

What is a second degree burn?

A

Epidermal and upper dermal damage

Blisters appear

29
Q

A full-thickness burn is called a

A

Third degree burn

30
Q

What entails a third degree burn?

A
  • Entire thickness of skin involved
  • Skin gray-white, cherry red, or blackened
  • Not painful (nerve endings destroyed) or swollen
  • Skin grafting usually necessary
31
Q

Burns are considered critical if:

A
  • over 25% of the body has 2nd degree burns
  • over 10% of the body has 3rd degree burns
  • face, hand, or feet bear 3rd degree burns
32
Q

Treatment of burns include

A
  • Debridement (removal) of burned skin
  • Antibiotics
  • Temporary covering
  • Skin grafts

A&P Lecture Unit 2 (5 decks)

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