2.1.1 - Citizenship in a Democracy Flashcards by Samuel Jones

Question 1
What is the dictionary definition of citizenship?

The position or status of being a citizen of a particular country.

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Question 2
What is the dictionary definition of a citizen?

A legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized.

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Question 3
Where does the word “democracy” come from?

The Greek word ‘Demokratia’, which means ‘rule by the people’.

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Question 4
What do the Greek roots of democracy mean?

‘Demos’ - The People.
‘Kratos’ - Power.

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Question 5
What are the two main types of Democracy?

Direct Democracy.
Representative/ Indirect Democracy.

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Question 6
What is Direct Democracy?

A system where citizens vote directly on issues instead of electing representatives.

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Question 7
What is an example of Direct Democracy?

In Switzerland people vote on specific issues themselves.

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Question 8
What is Representative/ Indirect Democracy?

A system where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf in Parliament.

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Question 9
What is an example of Representative/ Indirect Democracy?

UK citizens elect MPs to represent them in decision-making.

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Question 10
What is the definition of Active Citizenship?

A citizen who engages in activities that promote democracy, while respecting human rights & democratic principles.

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Question 11
What are some examples of Active Citizenship?

Community involvement.
Civil society engagement.
Political participation.

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Question 12
What are the two types of Active Citizenship?

Private Active Citizenship.
Public Active Citizenship.

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Question 13
What is Private Active Citizenship as a type of Active Citizenship?

Acts within personal circles.

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Question 14
What is an example of somebody being a Private Active Citizen?

Caring for a neighbor.
Supporting family.
Listening to a friend.

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Question 15
What is Public Active Citizenship as a type of Active Citizenship?

Contributing to society.

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Question 16
What is an example of somebody being a Public Active Citizen?

Paying taxes.
Voting.
Fundraising for charity.

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Question 17
What are some of the Key responsibilities of Citizen?

Paying taxes.
Voting in elections.
Obeying the law.
Doing jury service.
Respecting the rights of other citizens.
Being an Active citizen.

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Question 18
What are some of the Political Rights of a citizen?

Right to vote.
Right to join a political party or organization.
Right to stand in an election.

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Question 19
What are some of the Social Rights of a citizen?

Right to free healthcare - National Health Service.
Right to free education up to age 18.
Right to have a job and work.

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Question 20
What are some of the Legal Rights of a citizen?

Right to speak freely.
Freedom to hold religious values.
Right to a fair trial.
Right to own property.

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Question 21
What is Naturalisation?

A process where individuals apply for British citizenship.

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Question 22
What are the requirements for Naturalisation?

Have lived in the UK for at least 5 years.
Were born in the UK & are 18 or over.
Are of sound mind (no significant mental complications).
Have good character.
Continue to reside in UK.
Meet English language & UK life knowledge requirements.

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Question 23
What is Registration?

A child born in the UK but not registered as British.

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Question 24
Who qualifies for British Citizenship?

They have lived in the UK for 10 years without spending over 90 days a year abroad.
A parent becomes a British citizen.

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Question 25 What is Citizenship by Descent?

A child born outside the UK qualifies if: * A parent has British citizenship but not through descent. ## Footnote I.e. the parent was born in the UK.

Question 26 How does Adoption affect citizenship?

A child adopted by a British citizen automatically gains British citizenship.

Question 27 How does Birth in the UK grant citizenship?

An individual automatically qualifies if: * They were born in the UK. * Their parents were married, and at least one has British citizenship.

Question 28 What is my personal definition of global citizenship?

Being aware of the world around you & taking action to make a positive difference.

Question 29 What is the United Nations’ definition of global citizenship?

* Social, political, environmental & economic actions of globally minded individuals & communities. * Recognizing that people are part of diverse local & global networks. * Encouraging individuals to embrace social responsibility to benefit all societies, not just their own.

Question 30 What are five ways to demonstrate global citizenship?

* Advocating for climate action. * Supporting human rights. * Backing fair trade. * Collaborating on international research or innovation. * Promoting global education.

Question 31 What is the definition of *'Freedom'* in a democracy?

Right to act, speak, or think freely without persecution.

Question 32 What is an example of *'Freedom'* in a democracy?

If somebody would like to smoke, they can smoke.

Question 33 What is the definition of *'Equality'* in a democracy?

Equal status, rights & opportunities for all individuals.

Question 34 What is an example of *'Equality'* in a democracy?

A black person having the same rights as a white person.

Question 35 What does *'Participation & Active Citizenship'* in a democracy mean?

A citizen engaging in politics & society, educating themselves about political issues.

Question 36 What is an example of *'Participation & Active Citizenship'* in a democracy?

A person studying the current political landscape to make informed decisions.

Question 37 What is the *'Rule of Law'* in a democracy?

A framework ensuring open, fair & peaceful societies, allowing citizens & businesses to prosper.

Question 38 What is an example of the *'Rule of Law'* in a democracy?

A British citizen enjoying stability & prosperity due to legal protections.

Question 39 What does *'Legal protection under the law'* ensure for citizens in a democracy?

A system of rules & regulations safeguarding individuals.

Question 40 What is an example of *'Legal protection under the law'* in a democracy?

Companies must pay workers a minimum wage as required by law.

Question 41 What are *'Minority rights'* in a democracy?

Protections for racial, ethnic, religious & sexual minorities under the law.

Question 42 What is an example of *'Minority rights'* in a democracy?

Gay couples have the legal right to marry in the 21st century.

Question 43 What is *'Positive discrimination'* in a democracy?

A policy of favoring groups subjected to discrimination to promote equality.

Question 44 What is an example of *'Positive discrimination'* in a democracy?

Prioritizing candidates from minority groups in hiring decisions to address disparities.

Question 45 When was the European Convention on Human Rights drafted & enforced?

Drafted in 1950, entered into force on September 3, 1953.

Question 46 Why was the European Convention on Human Rights created?

To protect essential human rights & political freedoms for all European citizens.

Question 47 What is the European Convention on Human Rights designed to do?

To protect European citizens Human rights & Basic freedoms.

Questiion 48 What does Article 1 of the ECHR state as an example of rights in the ECHR?

Countries have an obligation to respect human rights.

Question 49 What does Article 2 of the ECHR guarantee as an example of rights in the ECHR?

The right to life.

Question 50 What does Article 3 of the ECHR prohibit as an example of rights in the ECHR?

Torture & Inhumane treatment.

Question 51 What does Article 4 of the ECHR ban as an example of rights in the ECHR?

Slavery & forced labor.

Question 52 How does the ECHR affect government behavior?

Requires governments to abide by rules on how they treat citizens.

Question 53 How does the ECHR help protect UK citizens?

* It prevents government overreach on personal rights. * Citizens can challenge public bodies in court if rights are violated.

Question 54 Why was the Human Rights Act 1998 introduced?

To incorporate the ECHR into UK law, allowing UK nationals to rely on ECHR rights within domestic courts.

Question 55 What did the Human Rights Act achieve in terms of legal status?

It put the ECHR into UK parliamentary statute, making it an enforceable part of British law.

Question 56 How does the Human Rights Act 1998 relate to the ECHR?

It contains the same contents as the ECHR, but formally integrates them into UK statute law.

Question 57 How is the Human Rights Act 1998 enforced?

* Courts can issue a declaration of incompatibility if a law violates the Act. * Government reviews the law & decides if it should be amended to align with the Act.

Question 58 How does the Human Rights Act 1998 affect individuals?

Provides a legal basis to challenge human rights violations.

Question 59 What are some examples of Human Right violations?

* Privacy violations. * Unfair dismissal. * Discrimination. * Wrongful detention.

Question 60 What is the British Bill of Rights?

A legal framework that establishes UK citizens basic rights, including free elections & freedom of speech within Parliament.

Question 61 What are three major civil rights protected by the Bill?

* Commitment to the ECHR. * Protection of fundamental rights, E.g. Right to life. * Preventing foreign criminals from exploiting human rights laws to avoid deportation.

Question 62 How does the British Bill of Rights safeguard citizenship rights?

* Incorporates all previous human rights conventions. * Grants British citizens the legal power to enforce their rights in UK courts.

Question 63 What did the Marriage Act 2013 achieve? ## Footnote Same-Sex Couples.

Legalized same-sex marriage in England & Wales, advancing gender equality & LGBTQIA+ rights.

Question 64 What is the purpose of the Gender Recognition Act 2004?

Allows individuals to legally change their gender, enabling recognition of their identified gender.

Question 65 What does the Equality Act 2010 consolidate & replace?

Previous anti-discrimination laws, E.g. * Race Relations Act 1976. * Sex Discrimination Act 1975.

Question 66 What are some key protected characteristics under the Equality Act 2010?

* Race. * Gender. * Disability. * Age. * Sexual Orientation.

Question 67 What settings does the Equality Act 2010 protect against discrimination?

* Workplace. * Education. * Accessing goods & services.

Question 68 What is positive action in the Equality Act 2010?

Allows organizations to address disadvantages & under-representation of particular groups.

2.1.1 - Citizenship in a Democracy Flashcards

(68 cards)