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Paramedic Drugs > 2110 Drugs #2 > Flashcards

2110 Drugs #2 Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Clopidogrel

Brand name

A

Brand name: plavix

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2
Q

Clopidogrel

Drug class

A

Drug class: thienopyridine antiplatelet

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3
Q

Clopidogrel

Indications

A

Indications: ST elevation MI (STEMI), moderate to high risk non-ST elevation (NSTEMI), acute coronary syndrome, substitute for aspirin in patients unable to take aspirin

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4
Q

Clopidogrel

Mechanism of action

A

Mechanism of action: inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking activation of the glycoprotein llb/llla complex

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5
Q

Clopidogrel

Contraindications

A

Contraindications: active GI bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, known hypersensitivity

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6
Q

Clopidogrel

Adverse effects

A

Adverse effects: severe neutropenia, thromobic thromobocytopenic purpura (TTP), GI hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, angioedema, stevens-johnson syndrome, rash, flulike symptoms

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7
Q

Clopidogrel

Precautions

A

Precautions: nexium and prilosec (proton pump inhibitors) may inhibit the effects of plavix

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8
Q

Clopidogrel

Dose & Administration

A

Dose & Administration: adult loading dose 300-600mg PO. Pedi not recommended

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9
Q

Aspirin

Brand name

A

Brand name: ASA, Bayer, ecotrin, st. Joseph

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10
Q

Aspirin

Drug class

A

Drug class: anti-platelet medication

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11
Q

Aspirin

Indications

A

Indications: onset of chest pain suggestive to myocardial infarction

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12
Q

Aspirin

Mechanism of action

A

Mechanism of action: noncompetitive platelet antagonists. Prevents release of thromboxane A2 granules from activated platelets, reducing their ability to activate further platelets. This reduces platelet aggregation

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13
Q

Aspirin

Contraindications

A

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity (never give), relative contraindication in active ulcer, disease and asthma (consider the risk)

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14
Q

Aspirin

Adverse effects

A

Adverse effects: bronchospasm, prolonged bleeding, GI bleeding, epigastric distress, N/V, heartburn, Reye syndrome ( brain swelling in kids)

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15
Q

Aspirin

Precautions

A

Precautions: caution in patients allergic to other NSAID’S acidic properties may damage stomach lining

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16
Q

Aspirin

Dose & Administration

A

Dose & Administration: 160 to 325mg p.o. chewing preferred for faster absorption. Pediatric not recommended

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17
Q

Thiamine

Brand name

A

Brand name: betaxin

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18
Q

Thiamine

Drug class

A

Drug class: vitamin b

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19
Q

Thiamine

Indications

A

Indications: coma of unknown origin (given with dextrose), delirium tremens, beriberi, wernicke encephalopathy

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20
Q

Thiamine

Mechanism of action

A

Mechanism of action: combines with ATP to form thiamine pyrophosphate coenzyme, which is a necessary component for carbohydrate metabolism. The brain is extremely sensitive to thiamine deficiency

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21
Q

Thiamine

Contraindications

A

Contraindications: none

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22
Q

Thiamine

Adverse effects

A

Adverse effects: anxiety, dyspnea, respiratory failure, vasodilation, hypotension, nausea and vomiting

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23
Q

Thiamine

Precautions

Study These Flashcards
A

Precautions: dilute prior to delivery (pain at iv site) should always be given with glucose

24
Q

Thiamine

Dose & Administration

Study These Flashcards
A

Dose & Administration: adult 100mg slow iv or Im pediatrics 10-25 mg slow iv or Im

25
Hydroxocobalamin Brand name
Brand name: cyanokit
26
Hydroxocobalamin Drug class
Drug class: antidote
27
Hydroxocobalamin Indications
Indications: treatment of known or suspected cyanide poisoning
28
Hydroxocobalamin Mechanism of action
Mechanism of action: binds to cyanide to form nontoxic cyanocobalamin ( vitamin b12), preventing it's toxic effects; excreted renally
29
Hydroxocobalamin Contraindications
Contraindications: none in the emergency setting
30
Hydroxocobalamin Adverse effects
Adverse effects: Hypertension, allergic reactions, GI bleeding, nausea and vomiting, dyspepsia, dyspnea, dizziness, headache, injection site reaction
31
Hydroxocobalamin Precautions
Precautions: not compatible in the same iv line with many other medication
32
Hydroxocobalamin Dose & Administration
Dose & Administration: adult 5 grams iv infusion over 15 minutes at a rate of 15ml/min. May repeat x1 at the same dose to a maximum of 10 grams. Pediatrics 70mg/kg iv. May be repeated one time at the same dose.
33
Atropine sulfate Brand name
Brand name: atropine sulfate
34
Atropine sulfate Drug class
Drug class: anticholinergic
35
Atropine sulfate Indications
Indications: severe bradycardia, organophosphate poisonings, nerve agent exposure, RSI in pediatrics, beta blocker, and calcium channel blocker overdose.
36
Atropine sulfate Mechanism of action
Mechanism of action: inhibits the action of acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector site. Allows sympathetic control to increase heart rate.
37
Atropine sulfate Contraindications
Contraindications: tachycardia, hypothermic bradycardia unstable cardiovascular status with bleeding & myocardial ischemia, narrow angle glaucoma
38
Atropine sulfate Adverse effects
Adverse effects: drowsiness, confusion, headache, tachycardia palpitations, N/V, pupil dilation, dry mouth, blurred vision, flushed dry hot skin, paradoxical bradycardia when given at low doses
39
Atropine sulfate Precautions
Precautions: effects are enhanced by antihistamines, procainamide, quinidine, antipsychotic, benzodiazepines and antidepressants
40
Atropine sulfate Dose & Administration
Dose & Administration: adult bradycardia 0.5mg iv every 3-5 minutes as needed not to exceed total dose of 0.04mg/kg (maximum of 3mg total) pediatrics bradycardia 0.02mg/kg iv/io (minimum dose of 0.1mg)
41
Morphine Brand name
Brand name: roxanol, M.S. contin
42
Morphine Drug class
Drug class: opioid analgesic (schedule ll narcotic)
43
Morphine Indications
Indications: severe CHF, acute pulmonary edema, chest pain associated with acute MI, analgesia for moderate to severe acute and chronic pain
44
Morphine Mechanism of action
Mechanism of action: alleviates pain through CNS action, suppresses fear and anxiety centers in the brain, depresses brainstem respiratory centers, increases peripheral venous capacitance and decreases venous return, decreases preload and afterload, which decreases myocardial oxygen demand
45
Morphine Contraindications
Contraindications: head injury, exacerbated COPD, depressed respiratory drive, hypotension, undiagnosed abdominal pain, decreased LOC, suspected hypovolemia, patients who have taken MAOIs within 14 days
46
Morphine Adverse effects
Adverse effects: confusion, sedation, headache, CNS depression, respiratory depression, apnea, bronchospasm, dyspnea, hypotension, syncope, bradycardia, tachycardia, NV, dry mouth
47
Morphine Precautions
Precautions: potentiates sedation effects of phenothiazine's (promethazine) CNS depressants may potentate effects, MAOI'S may cause paradoxical excitation
48
Morphine Dose & Administration
Dose & Administration: adult STEMI 2-4mg SIVP repeat dose 2-8mg at 15 minutes intervals. Pain control (medical direction) pediatrics 0.1-0.2mg/kg iv/io/im/SC with max dose of 5mg
49
Nitroglycerin Brand name
Brand name: nitro- stat, nitro-bid, tridil
50
Nitroglycerin Drug class
Drug class: vasodilator
51
Nitroglycerin Indications
Indications: acute angina pectoris, ischemic chest pain, hypertension, CHF, pulmonary edema
52
Nitroglycerin Mechanism of action
Mechanism of action: smooth muscle relaxant acting on vasculature, uterine, intestinal smooth muscle. Dilation of arterioles and viens in the periphery. Reduce preload and afterload, decreasing workload of the heart and thereby myocardial oxygen demand
53
Nitroglycerin Contraindications
Contraindications: hypotension, hypovolemia, intracranial bleeding or head injury, pericardial tamponade, severe bradycardia or tachycardia, RV infarction, previous administration in the last 24 hours: tadalafil (cialis) (48 hours), vardenafil (levitra), sildenafil (Viagra)
54
Nitroglycerin Adverse effects
Adverse effects: headache, dizziness, weakness, reflex tachycardia, syncope, hypotension, NV, dry mouth, muscle twitching, diaphoresis.
55
Nitroglycerin Precautions
Precautions: not to be given if the patient has had any ED medication in the last 48 hours. Cialis (tadalafil) levitra (vardenafil) Viagra (sildenafil)
56
Nitroglycerin Dose & Administration
Dose & Administration: adult 0.4mg sl repeat in 5 minutes to a maximum of 3 doses. IV infusion 10mcg/min increase by 10mcg/min every 3-5 minutes until desired effect with a maximum dose of 200mcg/min. Pediatrics not recommended

Paramedic Drugs (3 decks)

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