Bipolar Disorders

Question 1

Diff b/w Manic and Hypomanic Episodes

Answer 1

Lasts week or greater and causes impairment/hospitalization vs. less than a week and not as impairing/no hospitalization

Question 2

5 Conditions on Bipolar Spectrum

Answer 2

Bipolar I: Episodes of MDD and manias
Bipolar II: MDD and hypomanias
Cyclothymic: Episodes of lesser depression and hypomania
Mixed Episode: Both mania and depression in same day
Rapid Cycling: More than 4 cycles per year

Question 3

Cyclothymia

Answer 3

Numerous hypomanic episodes/depressive episodes not severe enough for MDD or impair shit

Question 4

Mixed Episode Definition

Answer 4

Both mania and depression every day for at least one week

Question 5

3 Treatment Points for Mixed Episode and Rapid Cycling

Answer 5

Poor response to Li, more response to anti-convulsants

For rapid cycling, anti-depressants can cause switch to mania

Question 6

Clock Gene

Answer 6

Mut caused mania in mice which could be reversed w/ lithium and/or restoring clock prot

Question 7

Gross Brain Change in Uni or Bipolar Depression

Answer 7

Decrease in volume by about 45% of gray matter of parts of prefrontal cortex

Question 8

Biochemical Change in BPD

Answer 8

Decrease in NAA

Question 9

2 Structural Changes

Answer 9

Decrease in glia in subgenual adrenal cortex (that prefrontal part)
Increase in amygdala

Question 10

Functional Change

Answer 10

Hypometabolism in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 11

Big Risk w/ BP

Answer 11

Increased substance abuse and way higher suicide rates