Shoulder Muscles Flashcards
Anterior Deltoid (1, Pink)
Coracobrachialis (2, Red)
Anterior Deltoid Origin
(Pink)
Anterior and lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
Anterior Deltoid Insertion
(Pink)
Deltoid tuberosity
Anterior Deltoid Action
(Pink)
Flexion, internal rotation and horizontal adduction of the shoulder
Coracobrachialis Origin
(Red)
Coracoid process of the scapula
Coracobrachialis Insertion
(Red)
Medial surface of the humerus opposite of the insertion of the deltoid
Coracobrachialis Action
(Red)
Flexion and adduction of the shoulder
Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Major Origin
Medial 1/2 of the clavicle, sternum and cartilage of 1-6 ribs
Pectoralis Major Insertion
crest of the greater tuberosity of the humerus
Red Muscle
Biceps Brachii
Biceps Brachii Origin
(Red)
Coracoid process of the scapula and the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Biceps Brachii Insertion
(Red)
Tuberosity of the radius and the bicipital aponeurosis
Biceps Brachii Action
(Red)
Elbow Flexion, shoulder flexion and forearm supination
Testing Position for Shoulder Flexion
Against Gravity - Sitting, patient assumes a position of 90o of shoulder flexion. Therapist resists on the distal end of the humerus in a downward direction toward extension.
Gravity Eliminated – Sidelying with the arm supported by the therapist, patient assumes a position of 90o of shoulder flexion. Resistance is applied to the distal end of the humerus in a parallel direction toward extension.
*The anterior deltoid is the primary shoulder flexor of the above mentioned muscles. They function as a group to produce shoulder flexion although each of the above muscles also functions to produce other movements. The coracobrachialis, pectoralis major and the biceps brachii are considered accessory muscle movers. The primary function/action of each of the above muscles is bolded.
Latissimus Dorsi (1, Pink)
Teres Major (2, Red)
Latissimus Dorsi Origin
(Pink)
Spinous process of T7-T12, spinous process of the lumbar vertebra, sacrum to the posterior iliac crest as well as to ribs 7-10 and to the inferior angle of the scapula
Latissimus Dorsi Insertion
(Pink)
Distal to the lesser tuberosity (located on anterior surface of humerus)
Latissimus Dorsi Action
(Pink)
Scapular depression, Extension, internal rotation, and adduction of the shoulder
Teres Major Origin
(Red)
Lower 1/3 of the lateral border of the scapula to the inferior angle
Teres Major Insertion
(Red)
Distal to the lesser tuberosity of the humerus
Teres Major Action
(Red)
Extension, internal rotation and adduction of the shoulder
Posterior Deltoid (A – Red)
Triceps (G, Pink)
Posterior Deltoid Origin
(Red)
Spine of the scapula
Posterior Deltoid Insertion
(Red)
Deltoid tuberosity
Posterior Deltoid Action
(Red)
Horizontal Abduction, extension, and external rotation of the shoulder
Triceps Brachii Origin
(Pink-G)
Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, inferior to the neck of the humerus, and the lower 1/2 of the posterior surface of the humerus
Triceps Brachii Insertion
(Pink-G)
Olecranon process of the ulna
Triceps Brachii Action
(Pink-G)
Elbow Extension and shoulder extension
Test Position for Shoulder Extension
Against Gravity – Prone or Sitting, starting with the arm down at the side, patient moves the arm backwards into shoulder extension. Therapist resists on the distal end of the humerus in a downward (if prone) or forward position (if sitting).
Gravity Eliminated – Sidelying with the arm supported by the therapist, patient assumes a position of shoulder extension. Resistance is applied to the distal end of the humerus in a parallel direction toward the starting position.
*The latissimus dorsi and the teres major are the primary shoulder extensors of the above mentioned muscles. They function as a group to produce shoulder extension although each of the above muscles also functions to produce other movements. The posterior deltoid and the triceps brachii are considered accessory muscle movers.
Supraspinatus (1, Green)
Supraspinatus Origin
(Green)
Supraspinous fossa
Supraspinatus Insertion
(Green)
Greater tuberosity of the humerus
Supraspinatus Action
(Green)
Abduction of the humerus
Middle Deltoid (A - Yellow)
Middle Deltoid Origin
(A-Yellow)
Acromion process of the scapula
Middle Deltoid Insertion
(A-Yellow)
Deltoid tuberosity
Middle Deltoid Action
(A-Yellow)
Abduction of the shoulder
Test Position for Shoulder Abduction
Against Gravity - Sitting, patient assumes a position of 90o of shoulder abduction. Therapist resists on the distal end of the humerus in a downward direction.
Gravity Eliminated – Supine with the therapist supporting the arm at the side in adduction, patient assumes a position of 90o abduction. Resistance is applied on the distal end of the humerus back toward adduction.
Posterior Deltoid (A, Red)
Posterior Deltoid Origin
(A-Red)
Spine of the scapula
Posterior Deltoid Insertion
(A-Red)
Deltoid tuberosity
Posterior Deltoid Action
(A-Red)
Horizontal Abduction, extension, and external rotation of the shoulder
Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Major Origin
Medial 1/2 of the clavicle, sternum and cartilage of 1-6 ribs
Pectoralis Major Insertion
Crest of the greater tuberosity of the humerus (located anterior and distal to the greater tuberosity)
Pectoralis Major Action
Horizontal Adduction, flexion, adduction and internal rotation of the shoulder
Pink Muscle
Anterior Deltoid (1, Pink)
Anterior Deltoid Origin
(Pink)
Anterior and lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
Anterior Deltoid Insertion
(Pink)
deltoid tuberosity
Anterior Deltoid Action
(Pink)
Flexion, internal rotation and horizontal adduction of the shoulder
Test Position for Shoulder Horizontal Adduction
Against Gravity – Supine with the arm in 90o of abduction the patient lifts the shoulder up and across the chest into shoulder horizontal adduction (can allow elbow flexion as the arm comes across the chest). Therapist resists on the distal end of the humerus in an outward direction toward horizontal abduction.
Gravity Eliminated – Sitting, therapist supports shoulder into 90o of abduction followed by the patient attempting to bring the arm across the chest into horizontal adduction. Therapist resists on the distal end of the humerus in an outward direction toward horizontal abduction.
Infraspinatus (1, Pink)
Teres Minor (2, Red)
Infraspinatus Origin
(Pink)
infraspinous fossa
Infraspinatus Insertion
(Pink)
Greater tuberosity of the humerus
Infraspinatus Action
(Pink)
External rotation of the shoulder
Teres Minor Action
(Red)
External rotation of the shoulder
Teres Minor Origin
(Red)
Upper 2/3 of the lateral border of the scapula
Teres Minor Insertion
(Red)
Greater tuberosity of the humerus
Red Muscle
Posterior Deltoid (A, Red)
Posterior Deltoid Origin
(A-Red)
Spine of the scapula
Posterior Deltoid Insertion
(A-Red)
.
Deltoid tuberosity
Posterior Deltoid Action
(Red)
Horizontal Abduction, extension, and external rotation of the shoulder
Test Position for Shoulder External Rotation
Against Gravity - Prone, with the humerus abducted to 90o and supported by the mat with the elbow flexed to 90o and hanging over the edge of the mat, the patient assumes a position of external rotation (back of the hand toward the ceiling) of the shoulder. Therapist resists proximal to the wrist in a downward direction.
Gravity Eliminated – Prone with the arm dangling off the edge of the mat in internal rotation (palm toward feet) the patient rotates the shoulder outward so that the palm is facing toward the head. Resistance is applied at the distal end of the humerus attempting to rotate the shoulder back to its starting position.
Subscapularis (2)
Subscapularis Origin
Pink
subscapular fossa
Subscapularis Insertion
Pink
lesser tuberosity of the humerus
