2.1.2 - Cognitive Dissonance Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is social cognition?
The role of person perception, attributions, attitudes and stereotypes in interpreting, analysing, remembering and using information about the social world.
What is cognitive dissonance?
The psychological tension that occurs when our thoughts, feelings and/or behaviours do not align.
Under what circumstances does cognitive dissonance occur?
When you are aware of the potential consequences of inconsistent behaviour or cannot sufficiently justify the behaviour.
How can cognitive dissonance be reduced?
By changing your thoughts to align with your behaviour or changing your behaviour to align with your thoughts.
What is cognitive bias?
The unconscious, systematic tendencies to interpret information in a way that is neither rational nor based on objective reality.
What is confirmation bias?
The tendency to search for and accept information that supports our prior beliefs or behaviours and ignore contradictory information.
What is actor-observer bias?
The tendency to attribute our own actions to external factors and situational causes while attributing other people’s actions to internal factors.
What is self-serving bias?
The tendency to attribute positive success to our internal character and actions and attribute failures to external factors.
What is false-consensus bias?
The tendency to overestimate the degree to which other people share the same ideas and attitudes as we do.
What is the halo effect?
The tendency for the impression we form about one quality of a person to influence our overall beliefs about the person in other respects.
How can physical appearance influence our impressions of a person?
The halo effect can influence our impressions, leading us to discount negative behaviours of those we like.
What does body language convey?
Information through non-verbal communication, including facial expressions, eye gaze, posture, gestures, and other bodily movements.
Fill in the blank: Cognitive dissonance often occurs when someone acts in a way that contradicts their _______.
[beliefs]
True or False: Cognitive dissonance can arise when there is an inconsistency between effort and outcome.
True
Name two methods to avoid cognitive dissonance.
- Changing thoughts to align with behaviour
- Changing behaviour to align with thoughts
What is the role of heuristics in decision-making?
Heuristics serve as mechanisms for decision-making and problem-solving.
What influences a person’s mental wellbeing according to societal factors?
Prejudice, discrimination, and stigma.
