Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > Overview and antibodies > Flashcards

Overview and antibodies Flashcards

1
Q

Role of Immune system

A

host defense Discriminate self form non self (tolerance) Loss of tolerance leads to autoimmunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chemical barriers

A

lysozyome in secretions (splits cell walls of the Gm+ bacteria) Spermine in semen( prevents growth of Gm+ bacteria) Acid pH of the stomach(prevents colonization of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

physical barriers to prevent pathogen entry

A

intact skin mucosal linings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Properties of antigens

A

-are foreign(NON-SELF) -chemically complex -molecular weight of 6Kd - has a particular sequence that is recognized by receptors on cells of the immune system called a Epitope/antigenic determinante/Determinant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Characteristics of adaptive immunity

A

-specific -memory- (you save cells so that your body will know how to deal with it) -lag time (for first encounter due to time for T Cell and B cell to change) -adaptivity(faster response with more exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Characteristics of innate immunity

A

not exquisitely specific -no memory -no lag time -no adaptivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cells of innate immunity

A

basophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, mast cells, monocytes, macrophages, NKC, Neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cells of adaptive immunity

A

B cells CD8+ T cells, CD4+ tcells and its subsets (Thp, 0,1,2,3,17, nTreg, a/iTreg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary immune tissue

A

Bone marrow- hematopoiesis of both myeloid and lymphod cells, ome cells emerge from bone marrow as precursors and differentiate in other tissue Thymus- progenitor t cells from bone marrow differentiate into naive mature cells in thymus ( nTregs, Thp, and pCTL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Secondary Immune tissue

A

Lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids, spleen, mucosa associated tissues MALT, GALT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MALT

A

unencapsulated tissues underlying mucosal areas -follicle associated lymphoid epithelium is a region without mucus -M cells located in the FAE -Mcells transport microbes to the lamina propria via vesicles - Lamina propria: phagocytes, dendritic cells lymphocytes are located here - organized aggregates in GALT are called Peyer’s patches GALT and BALT ( Broncus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Intial site of primary immune response

A

depends on the route of pathogen Blood- spleen lymph- lymph nodes Mucosa- MALT GI tract- GALT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cytokines

A

small peptides secreted mainly by activated leukocytes - critical for all aspects of immnity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chemokines

A

smal peptides that induce leukocyte accumulation in tussues that have unique disulphide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

chemoattractant molecules

A

attract cells to a particular region without unique disulphide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

complement components

A

family of proteins that facilitate elimination of microorganisms particularly extracellular bacteria, proteins, activated by cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

antibodies

A

antibody isotypes Ig M, D, G, E , A which correpsond to Mu, Delta, Gamma, Epsilon, and Alpha are polypeptides, that are bifunctonal molelcues that bind antigen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

monomeric antibody

A

two identical light chains covelently linked to two identical heavy chains with each chain witha varible region and a constant region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

dimeric, trimeric and pentameric forms

A

two three or five monomeric units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

light chain constant regions

A

kappa or lambda

21
Q

isotypes

A

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM with 5 different heavy chain constant regions named alpha, delta, epsilon, gamma, or mu

22
Q

subclasses

A

antibodies have small differences in amino acid sequences in heavy chian constant region, unique properties ( IgG1, IgG2 , IgG3, IgG4, and IgA1, IgA2

23
Q

allotypes

A

polymorphisms within an IgG or IgA constnat regions (Gm or Am)

24
Q

bifunctional molecules

A

antigen binding site in variable region confers specificity, biological activity in the constnat region confers different roles for isotypes

25
Q

antigen binding site(FAB)

A

hypervariable region, complementary determining region, paratope, refer to sites within varible region that contact antigen

26
Q

antigen-antibody interaction

A

hydrophobic and ionic

27
Q

affinity

A

interaction strength between 1 antigen binding site and its monovalent Antivent

28
Q

antibody avidity

A

overall binding energy of all binding sites with antigen

29
Q

Properties and role of IgG

A

-75% of total circulating Ig -150 kD monomer - four subclasses with differnet bio activities (IgG1,2,3,4) -Half life ~three weeks(IgG3-1 week) -Receptor for Fc gama R on monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, B cells - Different cell types exrpess FcgammaR that have differenty avidity for Fcgamma) -down regulation of B cells following binding of antigent and FcGammaR -Major role in elimination of microbes by opsonization of phagocytes, antiobody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity by NK cells, Neutralization of viruses and toxins, Complement activaiton (not IgG4)

30
Q

Properties and Role of IgM

A

-exists as a monomer on B cells -exists as a pentamer when secreted form plasma cells -15% of total circulating immunoglobins -half life is 1 week -pentameric form- five covalently attached monomeric units and a single short J chain -only antibody isotype present on immature B Cells -main role in immune repsone is activate the classical pathway of complement -only one IgM antigen/antigen complex required to activate classical pathway

31
Q

Properties and role of IgD

A

-Exist primarily as a membrane bound monomeric form -expressed on naive B cells along with IgM

32
Q

Iso-hemagglutinins

A

IgM antibodies against the ABO blood group antigens

33
Q

Properties and role of IgE

A

-monomeric antibody -normal barely detectable in serum -most is bound to FcepsilonR on mast cells and basopihls -crosslinking Fcepsilon by multivalent antigens results in crosslinking of Fcepsilon Rs -Cross linking=release of inflammatory mediators from perfromed granules present in mast cells and basophils -eiosinopihls also express FcEpsilon R which binds IgE helminth complexes

34
Q

Properties and role of IgA

A

-Exists as a monomer, dimer, or trimer with J chain on Dimers and trimers -IgA half life ~one week -subclasses: IgA1 and IgA2 and allotypes Am -in mucosa associated lymphoid tissue; primarily gastrointestinal tract and secretions. Also in breast milk and colostrum -traces in circulation

35
Q

B cells activated in lamina propria turn into

A

plasma cells

36
Q

plasma cells secrete

A

dimeric IgA (D-IgA_

37
Q

D-IgA binds

A

secretory component on epithelial cells

38
Q

D-IgA attached to SC is

A

transported in vesicle through the epithelial cell

39
Q

at luminated side of epithelial cells,

A

SC is cleaved and D-IgA retains a piece of the SC and becomed D-IgA-SC

40
Q

SC protects D-IgA-SC from

A

degradation

41
Q

D-IgA-SC is referred to as

A

secretory IgA

42
Q

Role of Secretory IgA

A

binds to and neutralizes pathogens, binds to microbes before they bind to M Cells

43
Q

monoclonal antibodies

A

arise from a single clone of plasma cells the speciicity for one epitope

44
Q

crosslinking

A

one antigen is bound to two antibodies

45
Q

cross reactivity

A

antibody generated to one epitope can bind with lower affinity to similar epitope on a different antigen

46
Q

polyclonal collection

A

collection of several monoclonal antibodies to an antigen that has several different epitopes

47
Q

idiotope

A

antigenti determinants in hypervariable rgions

48
Q

antio-idotypic antibodies

A

antibodies generated to idiotopes on a single antibody molecule

49
Q

anti-isotypic antibodies

A

antibodies generated to epitopes present on constant region of a heavy chain antibody molecule.

Immunology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions