2.1.2a Biological Elements

Question 1

Most common elements in the body (or all living organisms)

Answer 1

Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Nitrogen (N)

Phosphorus (P) & Sulfur (S) also have important roles in cell biochemistry

Question 2

What are carbohydrates made up of

Answer 2

Simple sugars like glucose

Question 3

What are proteins made up of

Answer 3

amino acids

Question 4

What are lipids made up of

Answer 4

3 fatty acids, 1 glycerol molecule

Question 5

What is an atom

Answer 5

The smallest part of an element that can exist

Question 6

What is a molecule

Answer 6

2 or more atoms that are physically bonded together

Question 7

What is a compound

Answer 7

2 or more atoms chemically bonded together

Question 8

What is an element

Answer 8

A substance whose atoms all have the same atomic number or number of protons

Question 9

Role of phosphorus in the body

Answer 9

• makes up ATP molecules
• found in the DNA

Question 10

Role of sulfur in the body

Answer 10

found abundantly in certain amino acids

Question 11

Atomic number & mass number

Answer 11

ATOMIC (proton) NUMBER = bottom number

MASS NUMBER = top number

Question 12

Bonding in atoms

Answer 12

Atoms connect to each other by bonding. When two or more atoms bond covalently, they create a molecule

The number of bonds formed for each atom depends on the number of electrons in the outer shell

Question 13

What is a covalent bond

Answer 13

A covalent bond is the sharing of two or more electrons between two atoms.

Question 14

See how to represent bonding between atoms in different ways

Answer 14

electron config, displayed formula, ball & stick model

Question 15

Learn bonds between common molecules

Answer 15

on showbie, slide 9

Question 16

What elements do Carbohydrates contain

Answer 16

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

Question 17

What elements do Lipids contain

Answer 17

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

Question 18

What elements do Proteins contain

Answer 18

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur

Question 19

What elements do Nucleic Acids contain

Answer 19

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

Question 20

What is an ion

Answer 20

An atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons

Question 21

What are cations

Answer 21

Ions with a net positive charge, meaning they have lost one or more electrons

eg. calcium 2+

Question 22

What are Anions

Answer 22

Ions with a net negative charge, meaning they have gained one or more electrons

eg. chlorine into chloride

Question 23

What is an ionic bond & how is it formed

Answer 23

One atom in a pair donates an electron & the other receives it. This forms positive & negative ions that are held together by the attraction of the opposite charges

Question 24

See table on slide 15 for important ions

Question 25

What are polymers

Answer 25

Biological molecules are often polymers. Polymers are long chains made up by linking the individual molecules (monomers) eg. amino acids are the monomers that form proteins

Question 26

What are organic substances

Answer 26

Organic substances contain carbon bonded to hydrogen

Question 27

What are inorganic substances

Answer 27

Inorganic substances lack C-H bonds

Question 28

Be able to sort ions into organic or inorganic