2.1.3: Nucleotides And Nucleic Acids Flashcards
(11 cards)
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
mRNA stands for messenger RNA, tRNA stands for transfer RNA, and rRNA stands for ribosomal RNA.
What does mRNA stand for and what is its function?
Messenger RNA; it carries a copy of the genetic code of one gene from the nucleus to the ribosome.
mRNA is created in the nucleus and is shorter than DNA, allowing it to leave the nucleus.
Where is mRNA created?
In the nucleus
mRNA leaves the nucleus via the nuclear pore.
Why is mRNA preferred over DNA for transporting genetic information?
DNA is too large to leave the nucleus and risks damage by enzymes.
mRNA is short-lived and only needed temporarily.
What is a codon?
A sequence of three bases in mRNA that codes for one specific amino acid.
Codons are critical for protein synthesis.
What shape does tRNA resemble?
Cloverleaf
The cloverleaf shape of tRNA is maintained by hydrogen bonds.
What is the primary role of tRNA?
To transfer specific amino acids to the ribosome to create a polypeptide chain.
tRNA is found in the cytoplasm.
What are anticodons?
Three bases on tRNA that are complementary to the codons on mRNA.
Anticodons ensure the correct amino acid is attached to the growing polypeptide chain.
What does rRNA stand for and what is its role?
Ribosomal RNA; it makes up the bulk of ribosomes.
Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis.
Fill in the blank: mRNA is __________ and carries the genetic information from DNA.
single-stranded
True or False: mRNA is long-lived and can remain in the nucleus for extended periods.
False
mRNA is short-lived and is only needed temporarily.
