Genital Embryology (4 star!)

Question 1

which structure eventually forms the adult kidney and is precursor to genitals

Answer 1

mesonephros

Question 2

becomes the male genitals eventually

Answer 2

mesonephric (Wolffian) duct

Question 3

becomes female genitals eventually

Answer 3

paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct

Question 4

3 structures the paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct forms in female

Answer 4

1. uterus
2. fallopian tube
3. upper portion of vagina

Question 5

forms lower portion of vagina

Answer 5

urogenital sinus

Question 6

what gene encodes the products needed to make someone male

Answer 6

SRY gene (on Y chromosome)

Question 7

what product does SRY produce needed for maleness

Answer 7

testis-determining factor–> produces sertoli and leydig cells

Question 8

what hormone do sertoli cells make and function

Answer 8

Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)–> induce degeneration of paramesonephros duct

Question 9

what structure becomes internal male genitalia? how

Answer 9

mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts–> via action of testosterone, made by leydig cells

Question 10

structures formed from wolffian ducts

Answer 10

seminal vesicles, epididymis, ejaculatory duct. ductus deferens–> all but prostate

(“SEED”)

Question 11

what causes development of male external genitalia

Answer 11

Dihyotestosterone–> induces urogenital sinus and genital tubercle to do so (external gen and prostate)

Question 12

what happens with deficient MIF, but DHT is present

Answer 12

genetically male child w/ external male genitalia, but female and male internal genitalia

Question 13

MIF present but 5 α reductase deficient

Answer 13

genetic male with internal male genitalia, but no external male genitalia until puberty

Question 14

what happens to mesonephric duct w/o SRY

Answer 14

degrades sometime after 1st semester

Question 15

genital tubercle becomes what 2 structures in female

Answer 15

1. glans clitoris

2. vestibular bulbs

Question 16

genital tubercle becomes what two structures in male

Answer 16

1. glans penis

2. corpus cavernosum and spongiosum

Question 17

urogenital sinus becomes what two structures in female

Answer 17

1. greater vestibular glands (Bartholin glands)

2. Urethral and paraurethral glands (of Skene)

Question 18

urogenital sinus becomes what 2 structures in male

Answer 18

1. bulbourethral glands (of Cowper)

2. Prostate gland

Question 19

urogenital folds become what in the female

Answer 19

labia minora

Question 20

urogenital folds become what in male

Answer 20

ventral shaft of the penis (penile urethra)

Question 21

labioscrotal swelling becomes what in female? male?

Answer 21

1. labia majora

2. scrotum

Question 22

congenital opening on bottom of penis

Answer 22

hypospadias (ventral side); is more common

Question 23

abnormal opening on top (dorsm of penis); what is this associated with

Answer 23

epispadias–> associated with exstrophy of bladder (ventral defect, is open to the outside world)

Question 24

female remnants of the gubernaculum

Answer 24

1. ovarian ligament

2. round ligament of uterus (uterine fundis to labia majora)

Question 25

processus vaginalis forms what in the adult male

Answer 25

tunica vaginalis