Genotype, Phenotype and Brain Structure Flashcards
Define genotype.
The genes that an individual possesses.
Define phenotype.
Observable characteristics that are influenced by the environment.
When may twins have a different phenotype but same genotype?
When they are raised separately.
Define heterozygous.
When paired alleles are different e.g. Bb
Define homozygous.
When paired alleles are the same e.g. BB or Bb
Do identical twins share the same DNA?
Yes, they come from the same egg.
What are identical twins scientifically known as?
Monozygotic.
Do dizygotic twins share the same DNA?
No, they are no more alike than ordinary brother or sister.
Why are psychologists interested in studying twins?
This can help establish whether a disorder is through genotype or phenotype.
Name the 3 layers of the human brain.
Central core, limbic system and cerebrum.
Do both hemispheres of the brain work together?
No, they can work independently.
Outline what happened to Phineas Gage.
He changed in personality after he was building a railway and accidentally dropped his tamping iron into the rock causing it to ignite. The explosion threw a metre length pole through his left cheek and changed his personality from someone kind, to rude.
Name the 10 parts of the brain.
Frontal lobe, motor cortex, sensory cortex, pariental lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, brain stem and cerebellum.
Define the function of the frontal lobe
For awareness, consciousness and higher thought process.
Define the function of the motor cortex.
For movement/motor neurons.
