NMS 2001 Gastrointestinal p553-558

Question 0

The major stimulus for primary peristalsis in the esophagus is

Answer 0

swallowing

Question 1

What secretion is most dependent on vagal stimulation?

Answer 1

Saliva. (salivary flow is entirely dependent on the autonomic nervous system. vagal stimulation produces a large volume of watery fluid, while sympathetic stimulation causes the secretion of proteins i.e. mucous and some enzymes)

Question 2

What will inhibit stomach contractions?

Answer 2

Secretin

Question 3

Gastric acid secretion increases when food enters the stomach because

Answer 3

protein digestion products directly stimulate the parietal cells to release HCl and food raises the pH of the stomach, allowing more acid to be released.

Question 4

Gastric parietal cells secrete

Answer 4

intrinsic factor

Question 5

What can occur without brain stem coordination?

Answer 5

gastric emptying

Question 6

The major stimulus for gastric acid (HCl) secretion during the cephalic phase is

Answer 6

acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 7

The major stimulus for the release of secretin is

Answer 7

HCl

Question 8

Fats are transported from intestinal cells to blood plasma primarily in the form of

Answer 8

chylomicrons

Question 9

Acetylcholine (ACh) is required for the contraction of

Answer 9

the upper esophageal sphincter

Question 10

The major stimulus for receptive relaxation of the stomach is

Answer 10

food in the stomach

Question 11

The motility pattern primarily responsible for the propulsion of chyme along the small intestine is

Answer 11

segmentation

Question 12

Gastric acid (HCl) secretion is inhibited by

Answer 12

somatostatin

Question 13

The major factor controlling the secretion of bile salts from the liver is the amount of

Answer 13

Bile reabsorbed from the intestine. (the amount of bile synthesized each day is not sufficient to absorb all of the fat digested. However, because the bile salts are absorbed by the intestine and returned to the liver, they can be used over and over again. The amount of bile secreted each day is thus proportional to the amount absorbed from the intestine.)

Question 14

Micelle formation is necessary for absorption of

Answer 14

cholesterol

Question 15

Na+ dependent transport is responsible for the absorption of; amino acids, glucose, and bile salts, but is not responsible for the absorption of

Answer 15

vitamin E

Question 16

Intestinal motility is increased by; cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin, insulin, and motilin however, it is not increased by

Answer 16

secretin

Question 17

Cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion is stimulated by

Answer 17

amino acids, fatty acids, and bile salts. HCl does not stimulate the secretion of CCK.

Question 18

List three effects that are caused by secretin

Answer 18

stimulation of pancreatic bicarbonate (HCO3-) secretion, potentiation of pancreatic enzyme secretion by cholecystokinin (CCK), and inhibition of gastric muscle contraction. the enhancement of bile acid secretion is NOT an effect caused by secretin.

Question 19

A Na+ dependent active transport system is necessary for the intestinal absorption of

Answer 19

dipeptides, bile salts, vitamin C, and glucose. the intestinal absorption of fructose is NOT dependent on a Na+ active transport system.

Question 20

What stimulus is most important for the regulation of gastric acid (HCl) secretion?

Answer 20

histamine

Question 21

What stimulus is most important for the regulation of gastrin secretion?

Answer 21

bombesin.

Question 22

What stimulus is most important for the regulation of pancreatic enzyme ssecretion?

Answer 22

CCK

Question 23

What stimulus is most important for the regulation of gallbladder emptying?

Answer 23

CCK

Question 24

What stimulus is most important for the regulation of emptying of the intestine during the inter-digestive period?

Answer 24

Motilin

Question 25

Where does the absorption of bile acids occur?

Answer 25

ileum of the intestine

Question 26

Where does the secretion of gastrin occur?

Answer 26

Antrum of the stomach

Question 27

Where does the secretion of intrinsic factor occur?

Answer 27

Fundus of the stomach

Question 28

Where does the secretion of K+ occur?

Answer 28

colon

Question 29

Where does the absorption of iron occur?

Answer 29

duodenum