Theories of Personality

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

distinctive & relatively stable pattern of behaviour, thoughts, motives & emotions that characterizes an individual

Question 2

Director

Answer 2

phlegm, water, testosterone “I am more logical than most people”

Question 3

Explorer

Answer 3

blood, air, dopamine

“I do things on the spur of the moment”

Question 4

Negotiator

Answer 4

yellow bile, fire, estrogen “I vividly imagine good & bad things to happen”

Question 5

builders

Answer 5

serotonin, black bile, earth “My family says I have traditional values”

Question 6

Helen Fischer’s personality types

Answer 6

director
explorer
negotiator
builder

Question 7

what where the two main ideas of Helen Fisher’s personality types

Answer 7

character (culture)

temperament (biology)

Question 8

Freud’s personality theory

Answer 8

Id (pleasure principle)
Ego (Reality Principle)
Superego (Norms)

Question 9

freud’s iceberg theory

Answer 9

conscious above the water, preconscious at the top of the water, unconscious at the bottom,

• superego is all
• Ego is all
• ID is unconscious

Question 10

Freud’s Defense Mechanisms

Answer 10

repression
projection
displacement
reaction formation
regression
rationalization
identification

Question 11

Repression

Answer 11

keep distressing thoughts & feelings buried in unconscious (ex. traumatized child: no memory of abuse)

Question 12

Projection

Answer 12

attribute own thoughts, feelings, desires, motives to other person (ex. you dislike your boss, tell yourself you like him and feel like he likes you)

Question 13

Displacement

Answer 13

divert feelings from original thought to substitute target (ex. parent scolds you so you scold your little brother)

Question 14

Reaction Formation

Answer 14

behave in a way that is exactly opposite from your true feelings (ex. you unconsciously resent your child so you spoil it.)

Question 15

Regression

Answer 15

revert to immature behaviour patterns (have a temper tantrum if you don’t get your way)

Question 16

Rationalization

Answer 16

make false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behaviour (watch tv, not study cause “studying won’t make me do good anyway”

Question 17

Identification

Answer 17

bolster self-esteem by forming an alliance with somebody else (ex. join fraternity, boost your self-esteem if insecure

Question 18

the “big five”

Answer 18

extroversion vs. introversion
neuroticism (negative vs stable)
openness vs. resistance to experience
agreeableness vs. antagonism
conscientiousness vs. impulsiveness