2.1.6 Hormonal control Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the endocrine system?
A system that produces hormones to regulate physiology and behavior
The endocrine system includes various glands that release hormones into the bloodstream.
What is an endocrine gland?
A gland that produces and secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream
Examples include the pituitary gland, pancreas, and thyroid.
What is the function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
It serves as the control center for hormone release
The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland and maintains homeostasis.
What is the role of the pituitary gland?
Known as the master gland, it releases hormones that regulate other endocrine glands
The pituitary gland influences growth, metabolism, and reproductive processes.
How do hormones relay messages to target cells?
Hormones bind to specific receptors on target cells, causing a biological response
This process occurs via the circulatory or lymphatic system.
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands
Hormones regulate various bodily functions, from hunger to reproduction.
How are hormones transported in the body?
Through the circulatory system to target organs
Hormones can affect distant organs and tissues.
What is the difference between pheromones and hormones?
Pheromones are external signals released to communicate with members of the same species
Hormones act internally to regulate physiological processes.
What are the two main types of hormones?
Peptides and steroids
Peptides are water soluble, while steroids are lipid soluble.
What is a characteristic of water-soluble hormones?
They bind to receptors and affect protein activity
Examples include insulin and adrenaline.
What is a characteristic of lipid-soluble hormones?
They are absorbed into cells and affect gene expression
Examples include sex hormones and growth hormones.
What triggers the release of insulin?
A higher level of blood glucose after a meal
Insulin helps lower blood glucose levels.
What is the effect of insulin binding to its receptors?
It allows glucose to be absorbed for storage or energy production
This process is critical for maintaining blood glucose levels.
What is abscisic acid?
A type of plant hormone that plays a role in stress responses
It helps regulate water loss and seed dormancy.
What is auxin?
A plant hormone involved in growth and development
Auxins influence cell elongation and root development.
Fill in the blank: The _______ gland is known as the master gland.
pituitary gland
It regulates other endocrine glands and bodily functions.
True or False: Hormones act on all cells in the body.
False
Hormones only act on target cells with specific receptors.
What is the role of negative feedback in hormone regulation?
It helps maintain homeostasis by reducing hormone levels when they are too high
Negative feedback loops are essential for regulating physiological processes.
What are cytokines?
A type of plant hormone that influences cell division and growth
Cytokinins play a key role in shoot and root development.
