217 Large Group - Midterm Study Cards Flashcards

Question

What does a comprehensive geriatric assessment address?

Answer 1

* medical * psychosocial * cognitive * and functional components

Answer 2

Weak in its ability to measure mood or behavioural problems.

Answer 3

Vision, musculoskeletal function and central and autonomic nervous systems can affect driving abilities even in healthy older adults.

Answer 4

* RN * Physical therapist * Occupational therapist * Social worker

Answer 5

This is for seniors who live fairly independently, but need some assistance with their daily routine. They can be living on their own or in a seniors residence. Individuals are responsible for arranging and managing any home care and support services they require. Some services are paid for by Alberta Health Services, while others are paid for out of the senior’s pocket. Home care is paid for by AHS only if the senior is assessed by an AHS case manager, who determines what the client needs. The case manager is a Registered Nurse (RN). In-home services can include nursing and rehabilitation, and personal support services like housekeeping, bathing or grooming assistance. If the senior wants additional services that AHS doesn’t cover, they can hire extra help from a private home care provider, but they must pay for it themselves. Otherwise, their family and friends are expected to help out.

Answer 6

Supportive living combines housing and “hospitality services” (meals, housekeeping, laundry etc.). The facility operators are responsible for coordinating and arranging hospitality services and may also coordinate or provide personal care and other support services. Seniors who are fairly independent, with or without the help of home care, are a good fit for this level. Publicly-funded home care can, if a need is assessed by the AHS case manager, provide in-home professional support services such as nursing and rehabilitation, and personal support services like housekeeping, meal preparation or bathing. This will either be provided for by home-care workers or staff employed by the facility. Many of these facilities offer a wide variety of services – but there will be a charge for any that are not paid for by AHS. Typically, full meal service will be available in a central dining area, as will housekeeping, laundry and linen services, transport services, as well as various organized social activities. Seniors in level 2 can also arrange and manage their own care and be responsible for decisions about day-to-day activities. They can manage some but not all of their daily tasks independently. All or most personal services can be scheduled. A basic set of services/supports is required. They may require some assistance or encouragement to participate in social and rehabilitation programs.

Answer 7

Seniors with health needs that, in the case manager’s assessment, require 24 hour personal care and support are eligible for placement in a Designated Supportive Living 3 (DSL3) facility. Seniors in DSL3 have higher care needs that cannot be scheduled, but can still use a call system to get the help they need. They should not be considered a risk to themselves or others and should be medically stable. Health Care Aides are on site 24 hours every day to provide support and personal care. Again, only those services assessed as required by the AHS Case Manager will be paid for by AHS. All other services will be the resident’s responsibility. Seniors will have to provide their own furniture and household items, medications and medical supplies, and equipment. Residents pay an accommodation fee to cover the costs of providing accommodations and services like meals, housekeeping and building maintenance. DSL3 spaces are contracted by AHS within lodges and other supportive living facilities, or within higher-care facilities (SL4). SL3 residents must not need complete meal assistance, two-person transfers (in and out of bed, the bath etc.) or toileting assistance. Seniors in level 3 may need assistance in making some decisions about day-to-day activities. – and will require help with many daily tasks. The need for unscheduled personal assistance is infrequent, but can come up occasionally. Increased assistance is required for participation in social and rehabilitation programs.

Answer 8

Seniors with complex medical needs that require 24-houron-site professional nursing and high levels of personal care and support (in the case manager’s assessment) are eligible for placement in a Designated Supportive Living 4 or 4 Dementia facility. These spaces may be stand-alone or be separate areas within other seniors’ facilities. Care is managed on-site by a licensed practical nurse (LPN) under the direction of a home care registered nurse (RN) and delivered by health care aides. Residents may require complete meal assistance (including tube feeding), mechanical lift transfers, medication administration, total assistance to move from place to place and total assistance to manage toileting. Residents in the secure dementia units may suffer from moderate to severe dementia. Again, only those services assessed as required by the AHS case manager will be paid for by AHS. All other services will be the resident’s responsibility. Seniors will have to provide their own furniture and household items, medications and medical supplies, and equipment. Residents pay an accommodation fee to cover their room rental and services like meals, housekeeping and building maintenance. Seniors in level 4 will need assistance in making decisions about day-to-day activities. They will also require assistance with most or all daily tasks. The need for unscheduled personal assistance is frequent. They will require enhanced assistance for participation on social and rehabilitation programs.

Answer 9

To be placed in a nursing home or auxiliary hospital, seniors are assessed by AHS as having serious, chronic and/or unpredictable medical conditions that require access to registered nurses able to respond immediately on a 24 hour basis. They may have unpredictable behaviours that put themselves or others at risk. Residents in long term care pay an accommodation fee to cover the costs of providing accommodations and services like meals, housekeeping and building maintenance. Health services in long-term care are publicly-funded and provided through Alberta Health Services. Medical/surgical supplies, medications and medically necessary transportation are paid for by the facility not the resident, nor do the residents need their own furniture.

Answer 10

* Hearing, speech, and vision * Cognitive patterns * Mood * Interview * Preferences for customary routine, activities, community setting * Functional status * Bladder and bowel * Active disease diagnosis * Health conditions * Swallowing/nutrition status * Oral/dental status * Skin conditions * Medications * Special treatments and procedures * Restraints

Answer 11

* Degenerative changes of bones, muscles, joints, and connective tissue * Slowed reaction time * Diminished bone mass density(osteopenia and osteoporosis)

Answer 12

* Decreased muscle strength and endurance * Increased difficulty performing ADLs * Increased risk for falls and fractures * Increased fear of falling

Answer 13

* Decreased weight-bearing activities * Decreased calcium and vitamin D * Tobacco smoking * Pathological conditions * Adverse medication effects * Environmental factors * Gait changes * Decreased sensory function

Answer 14

Loss of muscle mass, strength, and ensurance

Answer 15

* Decreased size and number of muscle fibres * Loss of motor neurons * Replacement of muscle tissue by connective tissue and, eventually, by fat tissue * Deterioration of muscle cell membranes and a subsequent escape of fluid and potassium * Diminished protein synthesis

Answer 16

-1 and above

Answer 17

Osteopenia

Answer 18

fragility fracture

Answer 19

* Age 65 or 70 years or older for women and men, respectively * Family history of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture * Low calcium intake, both past and current * Vitamin D deficiency * Lack of weight-bearing activity * Hormonal deficiency from age-related changes or pathologic conditions * Cigarette smoking * Excessive alcohol intake * Pathologic conditions (e.g., hypogonadism, hyperparathyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, malabsorption, low gastric acid, pre- or post-solid organ transplant, low gastric acid) * Medications (e.g., corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, anticoagulants, aromatase inhibitors, cancer chemotherapeutic agents) "

Answer 20

* Postmenopausal status for women, age 75 years or older for men, younger age in the presence of other risk factors * Female sex * Multiple risk factors for osteoporosis * Previous fragility fracture, especially in combination with undertreatment of osteoporosis * Family history of hip fracture * Body mass index (BMI) less than 18.5 kg/m 2 * Current or previous use of oral or systemic glucocorticoids * Falling * Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 21

Sudden loss of function resulting from disruption of the blood supply to a part of the brain.

Answer 22

Usually around 6 months

Answer 23

Slower than ischemic strokes, usually plateauing at about 18 months

Answer 24

When cerebral blood flow decreases to less than 25 ml per 100 g of blood per minute.

Answer 25

Usually completed every 3 months or when there is a decline in any area.

Answer 26

* catheters * med admin * case management \* * care planning \*\* * coordination of care and referrals * staffing rations and scheduling * patient and family education * physical assessment and recommendations * coordination of bed placements * coordination of interdiscoplinary team

Answer 27

Anywhere that someone lives.

Answer 28

Only services assessed and required will be paid for by AHS. Need to be firm of scope of services identification.

Answer 29

* Support families * Promote independence * Health maintenance or improvement * Help people stay at or return home

Answer 30

From full function to disability.

Answer 31

Positive or neutral interaction between a person's health condition and ability to perform social or physical activities

Answer 32

Negative aspects to a person's health condition and social or physical limitation. Impairment refers to the physical abnormality that underlies these limitations and is caused by some type of disease process.

Answer 33

Identity, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation, Repetition It is a communication tool that enables efficient, comprehensive and clear exchange of information.

Answer 34

A history of falls and the use of walking aids

Answer 35

* Age-related conditions (e.g., nocturia, osteoporosis, gait changes, postural hypotension, sensory deficits) * Cardiovascular diseases (e.g., arrhythmias or myocardial infarction) * Respiratory diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]) * Neurologic disorders (e.g., parkinsonism, cerebrovascular accident [CVA]) * Metabolic disturbances (e.g., dehydration, electrolyte imbalances) * Musculoskeletal problems (e.g., osteoarthritis) * Transient ischemic attack (TIA) * Vision impairments (e.g., cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration) * Cognitive impairments (e.g., dementia, confusion) * Psychosocial factors (e.g., depression, anxiety, agitation)

Answer 36

* Inadequate lighting * Lack of handrails on stairs * Slippery floors * Throw rugs * Clutter, cords or other objects in the walking path * Unfamiliar environments * Highly polished floors * Improper height of beds, chairs or toilets * Physical restraints

Answer 37

Bathroom and bedroom

Answer 38

24 to 72 hours

Answer 39

* Deconditioning and other MSK problems * Swallowing difficulties * Bowel and bladder dysfunction * Inability to perform self-care * Skin breakdowns

Answer 40

BG \< 70 mg/dL | (severe \< 50 mg/dL)

Answer 41

BG 70 - 140 mg/dL (pre- and post prandial)

Answer 42

Post prandial BG \> 140 mg/dL severe: \> 180 mg/dL

Answer 43

* Reduced cognition * Tremors * Diaphoresis * Weakness * Hunger * Headache * Irritability * Seizure

Answer 44

* Polyuria * Polydipsia * Dehydration * Fatigue * Fruity odor to breath * Kussmaul breathing * Weight loss * Hunger * Poor wound healing

Answer 45

* Family history * Environment * Age

Answer 46

* Case management * Medication admin * infusion therapy (end of life, antibiotic therapy) * Respite * Adult day home * Transition beds * Hospice * Palliative care * Light homemaking

Answer 47

* Nurse * LPN * HCA * Nurse practitioner/physician * Dietician * respiratory therapist * speech language pathologist * pharmacist * physio/OT * social worker * mental health services * Client and family are active members of the care team

Answer 48

* A referral and follow ups (be reassessed to ensure still meets criteria)

Answer 49

* Through discharge planning * with a referral * Professional assessment completed and certain criteria met * An individual can seek home care through private funding as well

Answer 50

Those that have been assessed and are deemed required.

Answer 51

* Support families * Promote independence * Health maintenance or improvement * Help people stay at or return home * Helps to reduce health care costs

Answer 52

Alberta Aids to Daily Living (provides supplies to a client; e.g. ostomy, diabetic supplies)

Answer 53

Referral, Access, Advice, Placement, Information & Destination (coordinates the flow of services across sites); want to get patients to facilities closest to their home (repatriation)

Answer 54

Continuing Care Centre

Answer 55

Supportive Living

Answer 56

designated supportive living

Answer 57

long term care

Answer 58

inter Resident Assessment Instrument

Answer 59

* Development, cognition, and culture * Nutrition, sensory perception, mobility and gas exchange * Sexuality and elimination * Family dynamics, stress and coping, perfusion

Answer 60

Actual activities they are able to perform. What ADLs they actually perform.

Answer 61

Actual, potential capacity to perform a functional ability that would be normally expected and appropriate for the person's age and developmental stage

Answer 62

Self-reported and performance based (where we witness them performing the tasks)

Answer 63

* Bathing * Dressing * Toileting * Transferring * Continence * Feeding

Answer 64

* Ability to use the telephone * Shopping * Food preparation * Housekeeping * Laundry * Mode of transportation * Responsibility for own medication * Ability to handle finances

Answer 65

* Demyelinating disease that impacts the CNS. It is immune mediated and impacts the ability for the transmission of nerve impulses to occur, effectively, due to the impact on myelin on axons. * Autoimmune (The precise cause is unknown) * Progressive

Answer 66

* Neurons become demyelinated causing a disrupted flow of information throughout the brain and spinal cord.resulting in visual impairments, spasticity, incontinence, cognitive dysfunction, and paralysis. * Signs and symptoms depend on the location of the lesion - decreased strength, foot drop, changes is vision, bowel and urine incontinence or retention, constipation, fatigue, paresthesia, change in balance and coordination, decreased mobility - use of cane/walker/wheelchair * Four types of clinical manifestations (RR, primary progressive, secondary progressive, and progressive relapsing)

Answer 67

* Fatigue can impact ability to complete ADLs and iADLs * Mobility impacts can affect ability to perform ADLs and iADLs * Medications can impair functional abilities * Depending upon the type of MS, functional ability impairments may ebb and flow; therefore supports/interventions may be temporary or permanent (in the case of progressive) * Loss of memory/cognitive impacts can impair * Impacts to vision and speech can be detrimental to ADLs and iADLs * Sexual dysfunction * Diplopia and scotoma (and other visual impacts due to lesions on the optic nerve) * Secondary Complications - UTI’s, constipation, pressure ulcers, contractive deformities, dependent pedal edema, pneumonia, reactive depression, osteoporosis

Answer 68

* Destruction of dopaminergic neuronal cells in substantia nigra in basal ganglia, affecting neural pathways (imbalance of Ach and dopamine neurotransmitters in corpus striatum) leading to tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural changes.

Answer 69

* Gradual onset, symptoms progress slowly; prolonged course * Tremor (present when seated, increases with activity), muscular rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, slowness of movement, tremors may affect mainly distal limb segments * Postural instability and gait problems * Face becomes emotionless * Dysphagia ( be aware of aspiration) * Correlated with depression, dementia, sleep disturbance, sexual dysfunction, cognitive/perceptual(auditory/visual hallucinations) & memory deficits, uncontrolled excessive sweating, paroxysmal flushing, orthostatic hypotension, gastric/urinary retention, constipation, dysphonia, hypokinesia

Answer 70

* Fall risk increase * Route movements may become impaired * Impact on posture and gait * Dysphonia may result which can impact ability to verbally communicate * Dyskinesia (perhaps a hazard to themselves and others as you cannot control movements) * Bradykinesia can impact the ability to complete both IADLs and Basic ADLs * Parkinson medications can provide additional challenges due to side effects * Surgical management, such as stereotactic procedures, can provide additional secondary impacts that can impact ADLs

Answer 71

* written (rarely) * in person oral * recording

Answer 72

* Emergencies at time of shift change * distractions * Stress * Fatigue

Answer 73

* Advanced age * Gender * Race

Answer 74

* Hypertension * Atrial fibrillation * Hyperlipidemia * Obesity * Smoking * Diabetes * Smoking * Obesity * Sedentary lifestyle * Sleep apnea * Migraine

Answer 75

* Participate in activities that promote improving musculoskeletal strength, balance and endurance * Wearing good non-slip footwear * Using mobility assistive devices * Nutritional needs (calcium and vitamin D) * Assess medications that may impact vitamin absorption * Activity * Pain management * Weight management * Fear of falling and addressing * Smoking cessation and limit alcohol intake * Fall prevention programs

Answer 76

Falls (90% of hip fractures result from falls)

Answer 77

* Affects ADLs * Depending on the location of the stroke it could impact gait, coordination, balance, and mobility * Could cause unilateral hemiplegia or weakness * Increased muscle tone (stiffness or contracture) or have a low muscle tone (floppy) which reduces muscle movement and automatic response of the muscles * Ataxia - muscle movements are poorly timed and coordinated * Dyspraxia - unable to coordinate, perform, or carry out specific movement

Answer 78

* ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) * Neurological Assessment GCS * Grip strength, leg strength, facial symmetry, arm drift, ability to verbalize (speak) * Vital Signs (every 15 minutes) * MSK

Answer 79

* Impaired physical mobility related to ischemic stroke as evidenced by loss of balance and brain injury * Disturbed sensory perception related to ischemic stroke as evidenced by brain injury and altered sensory reception/transmission. * Risk for falls related to previous ischemic stroke. * Unsteady gait related to ischemic stroke as evidenced by right sided weakness, and use of cane.

Answer 80

* Blood sugar test (fasting glucose and AIC) * Antibody test (C-peptide) * Lipids * Renal function * CRP

Answer 81

Artherosclerosis * Coronary artery disease * Myocardial infarction * Cerebrovascular disease

Answer 82

• Nephropathy • Neuropathy • Retinopathy

Answer 83

A – A1C B – Blood Pressure C – Cholesterol D – Drugs to protect your heart E – Exercise + Eating S – Stop Smoking +manage Stress

Answer 84

* Blood sugar control * Blood pressure control * Blockade of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS)

Answer 85

* ACR * eGFR

Answer 86

* Blood sugar control

Answer 87

* 10g monofilament * Foot Assessment!

Answer 88

* Blood sugar control * Regular comprehensive dilated eye exam

Answer 89

Physical activity * Blood sugar control * Weight management * Other health benefits Nutrition * Dietitian referral * Blood sugar control * Weight management

Answer 90

A clinical judgment concerning a human response to health conditions/life processes, or a vulnerability for that response, by an individual, family, group, or community."

Answer 91

A scientific, clinical reasoning approach to client care that includes assessment, analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

Answer 92

* Client-centered care * Teamwork and collaboration * Safety * Evidence-based practice * Informatics * Quality improvement

Answer 93

* Obtaining information, and then using the information, in addition to what they already know, to find a solution * Involves evaluating the solution over time to be sure that it is still effective * May need to try different options if the problem recurs

Answer 94

* A product of critical thinking that focuses on problem resolution * Following a set of criteria helps you make a well-reasoned decision * Involves moving back and forth between steps when all criteria are considered * Leads to informed conclusions that are supported by evidence and reason * Involves choosing a course of action from several options * Is the action for actually making the decision * Not a linear process, moving back-and-forth amongst steps * Leads to an informed decision supported by evidence and reason * Is approached thoughtfully

Answer 95

“the observed outcome of critical thinking and decision making. It is an iterative process that uses nursing knowledge to observe and access presenting situations, identify a prioritized client concern , and generated the best possible evidence-based solutions in order to deliver safe client care” (NCSBN, 2018 as cited by Ignatavicius, 2021).

Answer 96

The analytical style of thinking is step-wise and logical. It usually attempts to break a problem or issue into its constituent parts both to understand and to address or solve it. ... On the other hand, the intuitive style of thinking is **driven more by gut-feel and confidence derived** from experience.

Answer 97

* Problem solving is the journey, decision-making is the destination * Problem solving is the more analytical of the two * Decision-making is the outcome of problem-solving (problem solving is a necessary piece of making a decision)

Answer 98

* think of it as important thinking * thinking in a controlled manner * testing assumptions * careful evaluation of information * evaluating evidence * uncover values and reasons

Answer 99

* Clinical thinking but within a clinical context * the process that the nurse uses to arrive at a clinical judgment

Answer 100

Clinical judgment = critical thinking + clinical reasoning

Answer 101

An interpretation or conclusion about a person's needs or concerns (based on both critical thinking and clinical reasoning)

Answer 102

* Keep references handy * Apply nursing process * Think ahead, think-in-action , think back (reflect) * Follow policies, procedures, and standards of care; understand reasons behind them * Learn to set priorities * Never perform actions if you don ’t know why * If in doubt, get help * Seek out clinical experiences * Remember the importance of caring (build relationships) * When planning nursing care, consider time required for direct and indirect care interventions

Answer 103

* Analytical thinking (logic and process based) * Intuitive thinking (gut based on past experiences) * Narrative thinking (trying to make sense of the experience)

Answer 104

* Assessment * Analysis * Planning * Implementation * Evaluation (formerly ADPIE - diagnosis less a focus and analysis more of a focus)

Answer 105

* Problem * More info * Use info * Find solution * Evaluate * Different option

Answer 106

* Cheat sheets * Apps * Policies and procedures * Know the terminology/abbreviations * Lab values * Assessment cheat sheet (ORA cards) * Facility algorithms * Normal range of vitals * Evidence-based resources to use * Problem specific facts

Answer 107

* Assess before you act * Assess pain yourself before giving meds * Review resident chart

Answer 108

* Promote health and prevent illness, injury, disability and complications * Teach people to do the same

Answer 109

* Manage your resources * Promote wellbeing in diverse populations with complex issues

Answer 110

* How will you approach? * Primary source (your own assessment) * Information collected/Secondary sources (patient record, drug reference) * Grouping data (think concept map) * Recognize gaps in data (and search for info to fill in the gaps)

Answer 111

* Social history * Family history * Medical history (including medications)

Answer 112

Slow wound healing

Answer 113

* Retinopathy * Cataracts * Lens changes * Extraocular muscle palsy * Glaucoma

Answer 114

Your eye constantly makes [_aqueous humor_](https://www.aao.org/eye-health/anatomy/aqueous-humor-list). As new aqueous flows into your eye, the same amount should drain out. The fluid drains out through an area called the [_drainage angle_](https://www.aao.org/eye-health/anatomy/drainage-angle). This process keeps [_pressure in the eye (called intraocular pressure or IOP)_](https://www.aao.org/eye-health/anatomy/eye-pressure) stable. But if the drainage angle is not working properly, fluid builds up. Pressure inside the eye rises, damaging the optic nerve. The optic nerve is made of more than a million tiny nerve fibers. It is like an electric cable made up of many small wires. As these nerve fibers die, you will develop blind spots in your vision. You may not notice these blind spots until most of your optic nerve fibers have died. If all of the fibers die, you will become blind.

Answer 115

This is the most common type of glaucoma. It happens gradually, where the eye does not drain fluid as well as it should (like a clogged drain). As a result, eye pressure builds and starts to damage the optic nerve. This type of glaucoma is painless and causes no vision changes at first.

Answer 116

Deterioration of the small blood vessels that nourish the retina.

Answer 117

This type happens when someone’s [_iris_](https://www.aao.org/eye-health/anatomy/iris-2) is very close to the drainage angle in their eye. The iris can end up blocking the drainage angle. You can think of it like a piece of paper sliding over a sink drain. When the drainage angle gets completely blocked, eye pressure rises very quickly. This is called an **acute attack**. It is a true eye emergency, and you should call your ophthalmologist right away or you might go blind.

Answer 118

* are over age 40 * have family members with glaucoma * are of African, Hispanic, or Asian heritage * have high eye pressure * are [_farsighted_](https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/hyperopia-farsightedness) or [_nearsighted_](https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/myopia-nearsightedness) * have had an [_eye injury_](https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries) * use long-term steroid medications * have [_corneas_](https://www.aao.org/eye-health/anatomy/cornea-103) that are thin in the center * have thinning of the optic nerve * have [_diabetes_](https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/diabetes), [_migraines_](https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-migraine), high [_blood pressure_](https://www.aao.org/eye-health/anatomy/blood-pressure), poor blood circulation or other health problems affecting the whole body

Answer 119

DPN is a long-term complication of diabetes. Exposure to high blood glucose levels over an extended period of time causes damage to the peripheral nerves – the nerves that go to the arms, hands, legs, and feet

Answer 120

Although DPN can occur in many places in the body, the most common symptoms of DPN are abnormal sensations in the toes and feet, including: • sharp, shooting pains • burning • tingling • a feeling of being pricked with pins • throbbing • numbness (not able to properly feel pain, heat, or cold)

Answer 121

Loss of peripheral vision

Answer 122

With open-angle glaucoma, there are no warning signs or obvious symptoms in the early stages. As the disease progresses, blind spots develop in your peripheral (side) vision. Most people with open-angle glaucoma do not notice any change in their vision until the damage is quite severe. This is why glaucoma is called the “silent thief of sight.” Having [_regular eye exams_](https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/surprising-health-conditions-eye-exam-detects) can help your [_ophthalmologist_](https://www.aao.org/about/what-is-ophthalmology) find this disease before you lose vision. Your ophthalmologist can tell you how often you should be examined.

Answer 123

People at risk for angle-closure glaucoma usually show no symptoms before an attack. Some early symptoms of an attack may include blurred vision, halos, mild headaches or eye pain. People with these symptoms should be checked by their ophthalmologist as soon as possible. An attack of angle-closure glaucoma includes the following: * severe pain in the eye or forehead * redness of the eye * decreased vision or blurred vision * seeing rainbows or halos * headache * nausea * vomiting

Answer 124

Open angle

Answer 125

* Exposure to noise * Impacted cerumen * Ototoxic medication * Disease processes (otosclerosis)

Answer 126

Results from abnormalities of the external and middle ear that interfere with sound conduction

Answer 127

"is caused by abnormalities of the sensory and neural structures of the inner ear, which usually are age related or noise induced."

Answer 128

"the sensorineural hearing loss associated with an age-related degeneration of the auditory structures"

Answer 129

* Diminished physical and cognitive function * Functional decline * Perception of quality of life as excellent: only 39% of subjects with hearing loss compared with 68% of those without * A source of loneliness, isolation, diminished participation in social activities * Increased self-perception of poor social skills, which can result in diminished self-esteem * Increased prevalence of depression * Decreased autonomy * Increased dependence on other

Answer 130

* Factors that interfere with hearing wellness * Actual hearing deficit * The impact of any hearing deficits on safety and quality of life * Opportunities for improving hearing wellness * Barriers to implementing interventions

Answer 131

* Preventing and alleviating impacted cerumen * The initial intervention is to ensure that a medical evaluation is performed by a qualified professional to identify treatable causes of the hearing loss. * Sound amplification (e.g. hearing aids and assistive listening devices) * Auditory rehabilitation * Surgical interventions

Answer 132

* Preventing and alleviating impacted cerumen * The initial intervention is to ensure that a medical evaluation is performed by a qualified professional to identify treatable causes of the hearing loss. * Sound amplification (e.g. hearing aids and assistive listening devices) * Auditory rehabilitation * Surgical interventions

Answer 133

* Stand or sit directly in front of, and close to, the person. * Talk toward the better ear, but make sure your lips can be seen. * Make sure the person pays attention and looks at your face. * Address the person by name, pause and then begin talking. * Speak distinctly, slowly and directly to the person. * Do not exaggerate lip movements because this will interfere with lip reading. * Avoid chewing gum, covering your mouth or turning your head away. * If the person does not understand, repeat the message by using different words. * Avoid or eliminate any background noise. * Avoid raising the volume of your voice; rather, try to lower the tone while still speaking in a moderately loud voice. * Keep all instructions simple and ask for feedback to assess what the person heard. * Avoid questions that elicit simple yes or no answers. * Keep sentences short. * Use body language that is congruent with what you are trying to communicate. * Demonstrate what you are saying. * Use large-print written communication and pictures to supplement verbal communication. * Make sure only one person talks at a time; arrange for one-on-one communication whenever possible. * If the hearing-impaired person normally wears eyeglasses to improve vision, make sure the eyeglasses are clean. * Provide adequate lighting so that the person can see your lips; avoid settings in which there is glare behind or around you.

217 Large Group - Midterm Study Cards Flashcards

Midterm Study Cards (170 cards)