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Radiographic Review > IMAGE ACQUISITION AND EVALUATION > Flashcards

IMAGE ACQUISITION AND EVALUATION Flashcards

1
Q 
Underexposure of a radiograph can be caused by all the following except insufficient
A. milliamperage (mA)
B. exposure time
C. Kilovoltage
D. SID
A

SID

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2
Q 
Which of the following can affect the amount of developer replenisher delivered per film in an automatic processor?
A. Developer temperature
B. Amount of film exposure
C. Film size
D. Processor capacity
A

Film size

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3
Q

Due to the high sensitivity of digital detectors to low intensity radiation (background, scatter and/or off-focus radiation), there is likely to be scatter and off-focus radiation contributing to the image outside the collimation margins. Since many radiologists find this distracting, the most appropriate radiographer action would be to:
A. Use film-screen imaging only
B. Apply a black border to the image before it is printed or sent to PACS
C. Expose the anatomical parts as is; there is nothing that can be done to improve the presentation of the image(s) due to the inherent sensitivity of the system
D. Reduce exposure factors by one-half to ensure minimal scatter and off-focus radiation

A

Apply a black border to the image before it is printed or sent to PACS

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4
Q 
While indirect digital detectors use a scintillator (phosphor) to convert X-ray energy, direct detectors use a:
A. Photoconductor
B. Scintillator
C. Charged coupled device
D. Histogram detector screen
A

Photoconductor

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5
Q 
All the following have an impact on radiographic contrast except
A. photon energy
B. grid ratio
C. OID
D. focal-spot size
A

focal-spot size

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6
Q 
Geometric blur can be evaluated using all the following devices except
A. star pattern
B. slit camera
C. penetrometer
D. pinhole camera
A

penetrometer

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7
Q 
Which of the following conditions will require an increase in x-ray photon energy/penetration?
A. Fibrosarcoma
B. Osteomalacia
C. Paralytic ileus
D. Ascites
A

Ascites

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8
Q 
The absorption of useful radiation by a grid is called
A. grid selectivity.
B. grid cleanup.
C. grid cutoff.
D. latitude.
A

grid cutoff.

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9
Q

Silver reclamation may be accomplished in which of the following ways?

Metallic replacement cartridge

Electrolytic plating unit

Removal from used film

A. 1 only
B.2 only
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 1, 2, and 3

A

D. 1, 2, and 3

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10
Q

Which of the following statements regarding dual x-ray absorptiometry is (are) true?

  1. Radiation dose is low.
  2. Only low-energy photons are used.
  3. Photon attenuation by bone is calculated.

A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, and 3

A

C. 1 and 3 only

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11
Q 
A film emulsion having wide latitude is likely to exhibit
A. high density
B. low density
C. high contrast
D. low contrast
A

low contrast

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12
Q

Which of the following is likely to contribute to the radiographic contrast present on the finished radiograph?

  1. Atomic number of tissues radiographed
  2. Any pathologic processes
  3. Degree of muscle development

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, and 3

A

D. 1, 2, and 3

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13
Q 
Better resolution is obtained with
A. high SNR.
B. low SNR.
C. windowing.
D. smaller matrix.
A

A. high SNR.

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14
Q

A grid is usually employed

  1. when radiographing a large or dense body part.
  2. when using high kilovoltage.
  3. when less patient dose is required.
A

C. 1 and 2 only

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15
Q

An exposure was made at a 36-in. SID using 12 mAs and 75 kVp with a 400-speed imaging system and an 8:1 grid. A second radiograph is requested with improved recorded detail. Which of the following groups of technical factors will best accomplish this task?

A. 15 mAs, 12:1 grid, 75 kVp, 400-speed system, 36-in. SID
B. 15 mAs, 12:1 grid, 75 kVp, 400-speed system, 40-in. SID
C. 30 mAs, 12:1 grid, 75 kVp, 200-speed system, 40-in. SID
D. 12 mAs, 8:1 grid, 86 kVp, 200-speed system, 36-in. SID

A

C. 30 mAs, 12:1 grid, 75 kVp, 200-speed system, 40-in. SID

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16
Q

The exposure factors used for a particular nongrid x-ray image were 300 mA, 4 ms, and 90 kV. Another image, using an 8:1 grid, is requested. Which of the following groups of factors is most appropriate?

A. 400 mA, 3 ms, 110 kV
B. 400 mA, 12 ms, 90 kV
C. 300 mA, 8 ms, 100 kV
D. 200 mA, 240 ms, 90 kV

A

B. 400 mA, 12 ms, 90 kV

17
Q

Which apparatus is needed for the construction of a sensitometric curve?

Penetrometer

Densitometer

Electrolytic canister
A

A. 1 and 2 only

18
Q

Phosphors suitable for use in intensifying screens should have which of the following characteristics?

High conversion efficiency

High x-ray absorption

Afterglow
A

B. 1 and 2 only

19
Q 
Which of the following can be used to determine the sensitivity of a particular film emulsion?
A. Sensitometric curve
B. Dose–response curve
C. Reciprocity law
D. Inverse-square law
A

A. Sensitometric curve

20
Q 
The radiographic accessory used to measure the thickness of body parts in order to determine optimal selection of exposure factors is the
A. fulcrum
B. caliper
C. densitometer
D. ruler
A

B. caliper

21
Q

Shape distortion is influenced by the relationship between the

x-ray tube and the part to be imaged

part to be imaged and the IR

IR and the x-ray tube
A. 
1 only
B. 
1 and 2 only
C. 
1 and 3 only
D. 
1, 2, and 3
A

D. 1, 2, and 3

22
Q 
If a 6-in. OID is introduced during a particular radiographic examination, what change in SID will be necessary to overcome objectionable magnification?
A. The SID must be increased by 6 in..
B. The SID must be increased by 18 in..
C. The SID must be decreased by 6 in..
D. The SID must be increased by 42 in..
A

D. The SID must be increased by 42 in..

For every inch of OID, increase SID by 7 inches

23
Q 
Exposure factors of 90 kV and 3 mAs are used for a particular nongrid exposure. What should be the new milliampere-seconds (mAs) value if a 12:1 grid is added?
A. 86
B. 9
C. 12
D. 15
A

D. 15

24
Q

Geometric unsharpness will be least obvious

at long SIDs.

with small focal spots.

at the anode end of the image.

A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, and 3

A

D. 1, 2, and 3

Radiographic Review (14 decks)

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