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adult neuro test 3 > seizures > Flashcards

seizures Flashcards

1
Q

a seizure is a result of?

A

paroxysmal excessive discharge of cerebral neurons resulting in transient impairment or loss of consciousness

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2
Q

true or false

there is no single brain lesion that causes seizures

A

true

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3
Q

______ is a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent seizures

A

epilepsy

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4
Q

_____ % have epilepsy before the onset of age 20

A

75

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5
Q

true or false

anxiety can be a problem of epilepsy?

A

true

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6
Q

Partial seizures are the most frequent and severe epilepsy in _______

A

adults

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7
Q

True or False

Partial Seizures have clinical or electroencephalographic (EEG) evidence of a local onset

A

true

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8
Q

Partial seizures is characterized by the locus of onset of? (4 things)

A

temporal
frontal
parietal
occipital

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9
Q

With simple partial seizures (focal) _____ hemisphere involvement occurs and the _______ is preserved

A

unilateral

consciousness

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10
Q

Simple Partial Seizures (Focal) may manifest as focal?

A

motor symptoms: jerking; twitching

somatosensory symptoms: paresthesias; tingling; light flashes; buzzing; abnormal sensations of taste and smell

autonomic symptoms: nausea; pallor; flushing; pupillary dilation

cognitive and affective symptoms: illusions; hallucinations; sudden fear

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11
Q

True or False

Complex Partial Seizures are associated with alternation but no loss of consciousness

A

False

Associated with alteration or loss of consciousness

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12
Q

Complex Partial Seizures involve

A

Bilateral hemispheric involvement

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13
Q

Complex Partial Seizures: Person appears?

A

dazed and confused with random walking, mumbling, head turning, or pulling at clothing

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14
Q

True or False

Complex Partial Seizures: Automatic behaviors may be present, but cannot be recalled by the individual

A

true

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15
Q

Partial Seizure Secondarily Generalized is?

A

Generalized tonic-clonic seizure that develops from either a simple partial or complex partial seizure

Has convulsive manifestations

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16
Q

Generalized seizure: localized onset is ??

A

NOT evident

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17
Q

Generalized seizure: 6 types? (GAS MAT)

A 
Generalized absence seizures (petit mal)
Atypical absence seizures
Status epilepticus  
Myoclonic seizures
Atonic seizures
Tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal)
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18
Q

Generalized Absence Seizures =

A

petit mal

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19
Q

Generalized Absence Seizures are frequent in ______ and usually ____

A

children

disappear in adolescence

20
Q

Generalized Absence Seizures: person has sudden _____ and often______

A

cessation of ongoing conscious activity

stares into space

21
Q

True of False

Generalized Absence Seizures: onset and end are abrupt and brief and the individual is aware of the seizure activity?

A

False

unaware of seizure activity

22
Q

Atypical Absence Seizures are similar to?

A

generalized absence seizures

23
Q

Myoclonic Seizures are

A

Sudden, brief, single or repetitive muscle contractions involving one body part or the entire body

24
Q

Atonic Seizures are

A

Brief loss of consciousness and postural tone NOT associated with tonic muscular contractions

25
Q

Tonic-Clonic Seizure =

A

Grand Mal

26
Q

Tonic-Clonic Seizure: person has ______ of control

A

total loss

27
Q

Tonic-Clonic Seizure: The tonic phase with generalized rigidity usually last _____ seconds, ______ may cease briefly, and _______ may occur

A

10 seconds
respiration
incontinence of bowl/bladder

28
Q

Tonic-Clonic Seizure: after the tonic phase, the clonic phase occurs with _______ movement that last ______

A

generalized jerking

1-2 minutes

29
Q

Tonic-Clonic Seizure: a short seizure= _______ while a prolonged seizure= ________

A

rapid recovery

induce a deep sleep

30
Q

following a Tonic-Clonic Seizure, individuals may experience?

A 
Altered speech
Transient paralysis or ataxia
Headache
Disorientation
Muscle Soreness
31
Q

True or False:
Grand Mal seizures may be recurring, before or after consciousness is returned and are less common than partial seizures?

A

true

32
Q

Status Epilepticus is

A

Generalized seizures (usually tonic-clonic) are so prolonged or repeated that recovery does not occur between attacks

33
Q

True or False

Status Epilepticus is not a medical emergency

A

False

it is

34
Q

Status Epilepticus: frequent causes in adults are?

A

tumor
CNS infection
drug abuse

35
Q

Status Epilepticus: frequent causes for children under 3 are?

A

febrile seizures are common cause

36
Q

what are Causes of 
Symptomatic Seizure Activity?

A 
Changes in hormone levels
Head trauma
Intracranial mass
CNS infections
CVA
Toxic substances/poison
Hypoxia
Congenital brain disorders
Degenerative brain disorders (dementia)
Pneumonia (esp. for elderly)  
Idiopathic
37
Q

what are some events that may trigger a seizure?

A 
Stress
Poor nutrition
Missed medication
Skipping meals
Flickering lights
Illness
Fever and allergies
Lack of sleep
Emotions: anger, worry, fear
Heat and Humidity
38
Q

when taking seizure medicine, avoid ______ because it can increase sedation?

A

alcohol

39
Q

True or False

A person who isn’t responding to their medication can stop at any time?

A

False

Never abruptly stop your medication – it can lead to seizures!

40
Q

what kind of side effects should you report to pts doctor when pt is on seizure medication?

A

excess fatigue or drowsiness
over sedation, agitation, or confusion
tremors, weight gain, diarrhea or irregular menses
dizziness or nausea

41
Q

true or false

you can swallow your tongue during a seizure?

A

false

42
Q

true or false

while someone is having a seizure, it is best to restrain them so they don’t hurt themselves

A

False

Do not use restraint, the seizure will run its course and stop

43
Q

true or false

you can’t die from epilepsy

A

False

Status epilepticus can cause death. It should be treated as a medical emergency.

44
Q

what do you do is a pt is has a seizure?

A

Prevent or slow a fall

Protect the patient from the environment

Rolling patient onto their side may help to keep the airway clear

Observation and documentation (timing) are important for medication adjustments (especially mouth frothing, eye deviations, incontinence )

45
Q

other PT implications for seizures include?

A

Education and medical reinforcement

Building confidence with mobility

Evaluation of home, work and school environments for recommendations

Leisure recommendations
Swimming with direct supervision

Closely monitor patients during activity

Closely monitor patients following activity as seizures may follow (20 minutes)

Patient limitations/precautions may change over time

adult neuro test 3 (7 decks)

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