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Dental Public Health > Prevention in Practice > Flashcards

Prevention in Practice Flashcards

1
Q

WHat are the five approaches to oral health promotion?

A 
Prevention
Behaviour change
Education
Empoweerment
Social Change
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2
Q

What is dental health education? Reference

A

Any educational activity which aims to achieve a health goal

WHO 1984

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3
Q

What is Health promotion? refernce

A

The process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health

WHO 1984

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4
Q

What does the educational approach to oral health promotion encompass? give an example

A

providing knowledge and skills to make the correct choices

e.g smoking intervention groups

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5
Q

What are the 3 domains of learning?

A

KAB
K=Cognitive (aquisition of facts)
A= affective (attitides and beleifs)
B= Behavaioural ( skills and actions)

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6
Q

What are the three theories of behaviour change?

A

health locus model
Health belief model
Status of Change/transtheroretical model

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7
Q

What does the Health locus model say about behaviour change?

A

Extent to which individuals believe their health is influenced by their own or by others behaviours

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8
Q

Where are the three loci in the health locus model?

A

internal locus: individual belives they have their wn ability and skill to change behaviiour
powerful others: influenced by important people
chance: determined by chance and individual has little control over outcome

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9
Q

WHat is the health belief model used to do?

A

it is used to predict health behaviours

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10
Q

How successful is the HBM linked to oral health?

A

poorly

little relation in success of HBM to oral health

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11
Q

What is the role of the individual in the HBM?

A

the individual must do their own CB analysis to consider behaviour change
Consider the threat, the severity of the threat and the value of changing the behaviour

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12
Q

What is needed to instigate a behaviour change in the HBM?

A

a trigger

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13
Q

What is the aim of the pre-contemplation stage of the SoC model?

A

to encourage serious consideration of behaviour change

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the contemplation stage of the SoC model?

A

making the decision to change

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the preparation stage of the SoC model?

A

action plan is to be implemented soon

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16
Q

What happens in the action phase of SoC model?

A

successful action and establishment of change which takes 3-6 months

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17
Q

What happens in the maintenance phase of SoC model?

A

long term establishment of new behaviour

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18
Q

What are the 7 stages in the SoC model?

A 
pre comtemplation
comtemplation
prepartion
action
maintenace
relapse
terminate
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19
Q

What are the barriers that prevent change in behaviour?

A

lack of oppurtunity, resources, support, knowledge
conflicting information and motives
future rather than immediate consequences
no clear goals
putt off by falure

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20
Q

What happens when there is relapse and regression?

A

unable to maintain new behaviour after initial success

usually takes many cycles until people are succesful

21
Q

What are the disadvantages of the SoC model?

A

not clear whether behaviour changes is seen as stages or a continuum
it is too simplistic
doesnt consider socio-cultural norms

22
Q

How much evidence is there showing how effective OHP is?

A

there has been limited systematic reviews on oral health promotion

23
Q

Who has done research into the effectiveness of OHP and what has it shown?

A

kay and locker 1996, 1997
sprod, anderson and treasure 1996

Evidence to show that DHE increases knowledge no reliable evidence that DHE can change beahviour BUT according to NHS brief smoking intrvetion works in the short run

24
Q

How much evidence is there on effectiveness ofsmoking cessation?

A

noone has done evdicen on this

25
Q

What did the studies looking at OHP find?

A

short term impacts were good for all age groups and providers
long term impacts are unproven

26
Q

How effective is school based DHE?

A

not effective

27
Q

How effective is chair side DHE?

A

effective in the short term but long term

28
Q

What is the role of dentists in OHP?

A

they have a professional responsibitly to work with pateints

29
Q

What are the 4 A’s in smoking cessation?

A 
Ask
Advise
Assist
Arrange
Brief intervention is good: 5/10 mins, consider nicotine replacement, past experimented, support form family and friends, plan what do do about alcohol
30
Q

How effective is smoking cessation given by oral health professionsal?

A

it has been shown to be an effective stratergy

smoking cessatin given in a dentals setting has been shown to have a positive effect in smokers

31
Q

What are the barriers to offering smoking cessation by NHS dentists?

A

lack of time and reources avaiable

32
Q

T/F more smoking cessation advice is offered in private dental practices?

A

T

probably because they have more time

33
Q

What DHE guidelines do we base our advice to pateints on?

A

2009 DoH Delivering better oral health

EBD

34
Q

What does the DBOH toolkit advise on?

A

prevention of caries in adults and children

periodontal disease and oral cancer prevention

35
Q

What advice does the DBOH give on fluoride and children?

A 
Brush as soon as teeth erupted
Flruoride toothpaste recommended 1000ppm up to 3 yrs and 1450ppm 3 years+
FLuroide supplements for those at risk
Know level of water fluoridation in area
FLurorude varnish upto 4x a year
supervision for children under 7
36
Q

How long do children unsupervised brush for?

A

10seconds

37
Q

What type of mothers are more likely to supervise their children when brushing?

A

those with higher educational achievement

38
Q

What percentage of children brush their teeth without being supervised?

A

9-72% of under 5’s

39
Q

T/F children that are left to brush their teeth alone are at a increased risk of dental decay?

A

T

40
Q

What type of evidence is there for the effectiveness of fissure sealants?

A

Systematic review of 10 differnt studies comparing types of selants and 7 studies showing no sealant vs sealnt

41
Q

Who wrote this systemic review on fissure sealnats and what does it show?

A

Ahouvo-Saloranta 2009
27% sealed surfaces showed decay vs 77% non sealed surfaces
9 yrs

42
Q

What type of evidence for CHX varnish agsint caries exists?

A

systtmiatic review of 12 trials James 2010

43
Q

What does the evidence show for CHX varnish and caries?

A

inconclusive evidence need more well conducted RCT’s

44
Q

How does CHX work?

A

reduces mutans strep

45
Q

Which type of CHX preparation varnish, mouthwash and gel is not effective against dental caries?

A

mouthwash

46
Q

How effective is chewing gum against dental caries?

A

prevention fraction up to 60% with xylitol being the best and sorbital being the worst at preventing decay (20%)

Deshpande, Jadad 2008

47
Q

How does xylitol prevent decay?

A

It is able to work directly on strep mutans

48
Q

What is the disadvantage of DHE at population level?

A

Expensive and best given individually as there is no evidence that DHE given via mass media is effective

Dental Public Health (13 decks)

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