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Adult Neuro Exam 3 > Seizures > Flashcards

Seizures Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of event is a seizure?

A

finite event

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2
Q

what is a seizure a result of?

A

paroxysmal excessive discharge of cerebral neurons resulting in transient impairment or LOC

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3
Q

what are seizures caused by?

A

different underlying physiologic state - no single brain lesion causes them

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4
Q

what is epilepsy?

A

chronic disorder characterized by recurrent seizures

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5
Q

when is one diagnosed with epilepsy?

A

individual suffers from more than one non-febrile seizure

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6
Q

what can be a significant problem for epilepsy?

A

anxiety

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7
Q

what is used for management of epilepsy?

A

medical management

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8
Q

what is partial seizure syndrome characterized by?

A

locus of onset - temporal, frontal, parietal or occipital - focal onset

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9
Q

what is the most frequent and severe form of epilepsy for adults?

A

partial seizures

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10
Q

simple partial seizures: (3 characteristics)

A
  1. consciousness preserved
  2. unilateral hemisphere involvement
  3. may manifest as focal
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11
Q

what are the motor symptoms of simple partial seizures

A

jerking, twitching

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12
Q

what are the somatosensory symptoms of simple partial seizures

A

paresthesias, tingling, light flashes, buzzing, abnormal sensation of taste/smell

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13
Q

what are the autonomic symptoms of simple partial seizures

A

nausea, pallor, flushing, pupillary dilation

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14
Q

what are the cognitive and affective symptoms of simple partial seizures

A

illusions, hallucinations, sudden fear

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15
Q

what are complex partial seizures associated with?

A

alteration or LOC

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16
Q

what kind of involvement does complex partial seizures have?

A

bilateral hemispheric involvement

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17
Q

how do people having a complex partial seizures present?

A

appears dazed and confused with random walking, mumbling, head turning, or pulling at clothes

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18
Q

what are present with complex partial seizures?

A

automatic behaviors but individual cannot recall these actions

19
Q

what are partial seizure secondarily generalized ?

A

generalized tonic-clonic seizure that develops from either a simple partial or complex partial seizure - convulsive manifestations

20
Q

what is a generalized seizure?

A

localized onset is NOT evident - not one particular part of the brain - diffuse EEG abnormalities

21
Q

what are teh 6 types of generalized seizures?

A
  1. generalized absence seizures
  2. atypical absence seizures
  3. myoclonic seizures
  4. atonic seizures
  5. tonic-clonic seizures
  6. status epilepticus
22
Q

what is another name for generalized absence seizures?

A

petit mal

23
Q

what are some characteristics of generalized absence seizures? (consciousness, convulsion, onset, aura, awareness)

A
  1. sudden cessation of ongoing conscious activity
  2. minor convulsive - loss of of postural control
  3. onset/end abrupt and brief
  4. no preceding aura
  5. individual is unaware of seizure activity
24
Q

is there brain damage with generalized absence seizures?

A

no

25
Q

what kind of seizures are frequent in children and disappear in adolescence?

A

generalized absence seizures

26
Q

what are the characteristics of atypical absence seizures? (2)

A
  1. similar to generalize absence seizures

2. co-exist with other forms of generalized seizures

27
Q

what are the characteristics of myoclonic seizures?

A

sudden, brief, single or repetitive muscle contractions involving one body part or the entire body

28
Q

what are the characteristics of atonic seziures?

A
  1. brief LOC and postural tone NOT associated with tonic muscular contractions
  2. Loss of tone
29
Q

what is another name for tonic-clonic seizures

A

grand mal

30
Q

what are some characteristics of tonic-clonic seizures (control, consciousness, tone, clonic)

A

1 total loss of control

  1. sudden LOC with falls common
  2. tonic phase with generalized rigidity (10 sec, respiration ceases, and incontinence may occur)
  3. followed by clonic phase with jerking movements (1-2 minutes)
31
Q

what do prolonged grand mal seizures lead to?

A

deep sleep

32
Q

what do individuals experience following a grand mal seizure

A

altered speech, transient paralysis/ataxia, HA, dis-orientation, and muscle soreness

33
Q

which is more common, partial seizures or tonic-clonic seizures?

A

parital seizures

34
Q

what are status epilepticus?

A

generalized seizures (usually tonic-clonic) are so prolonged and repeated that recovery does not occur between attacks

35
Q

what is status epilepticus?

A

MEDICAL EMERGENCY

36
Q

what are frequent causes of status epilepticus in adults?

A

CNS infection, drug abuse, and tumors

37
Q

what are frequent causes of status epilepticus in children?

A

under 3 - febrile seizures

38
Q

what are some causes of symptomatic seizure activity?

A

head trauma, intracranial mass, CNS infections, CVA, hypoxia, poison, congenital brain disorders, degeneratie brain disorders

39
Q

what are events that may trigger a seizure?

A

stress, poor nutrition, missed medication, skipping meals, flickering lights, illness, fever/allergies, lack of sleep, emotion, heat/humidity

40
Q

what are some common anticonvulsant medications?

A

phenytoin (dilantin), benzodiazepines (diazepam - valium, clonazepam -klonopin), gabapentin (neurontin), and keprra

41
Q

what are some tips for reinforcing medication?

A

never stop medication abruptly, no alcohol, avoid driving until you know response to drug, several dosage to find right dose to control seizures, and report side effects

42
Q

what are some side effects of anti-convulsant medications?

A

excess fatigue/drowsiness, over sedation/agitation/confusion, tremors/weight gain, and dizziness/nausea

43
Q

what do you do if a patient has seizure?

A
  1. prevent or slow fall
  2. protect patient from environment
  3. roll patient into SLing
  4. observe and document (timing, mouth frothing, eye deviation or incontinence)
44
Q

other PT implications for seizures

A

build confidence with mobility
evaluation of their environments
leisure recommendations
monitor patients during and after activity

Adult Neuro Exam 3 (7 decks)

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