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Jason's Respiratory Block > Lung Infections > Flashcards

Lung Infections Flashcards

0
Q

What kind of pneumonia can be present in immunocompromised patients?

A

fungi and protozoa

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1
Q

Bacteria cause ____% of pneumonia cases?

A

85%

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2
Q

Clinical features of pneumonia? 5 things

A 
fever/chills
unrelenting cough
green/yellow sputum
angina
impaired gas exchange
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3
Q

50% of community acquired lung infections are what organism?

A

strep pneumoniae

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4
Q

Hospital pneumoniae are gram whats predominantly?

A

gram negative

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5
Q

What is pneumocystis jiroveci

A

protozoa that can cause pneumonia in immune compromised peeps

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6
Q

4 ways organisms reach the lung

A

inhalation
aspiration of URT secretions
aspiration of particles via gastric content etc.
haematogenous spread

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7
Q

Aetiology of infective pneumonia happens 3 ways

A

URT flora or in immunocompromised =strep, haemophilus, staph au
enteric: ecoli, pseudomonas
extraneous pathogens: legionella, TB

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8
Q

What the most common enteric saprophyte you see in hospital?

A

pseudomonas

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9
Q

Two kinds of inflammation in infective pneumonia

A

alveolar

interstitial

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10
Q

Alveolar inflam caused by what bugs?

A

bacterial: strep, staph, haemophlus, gram negs

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11
Q

interstitial inflamm caused by what?

A

virus/bacterial = atypical pneumonia

mycoplasma pneumoniae

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12
Q

where is pus in alveolar inflamm?

A

in the alveoli

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13
Q

Is there pus in the alveoli with interstitial inflamm?

A

Nope

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14
Q

Describe lung consolidation. How is it caused?

A

firm and solid

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15
Q

describe consolidation for bronchopneumonia

A

patchy

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16
Q

describe consolidation for lobar pneumonia

A

whole lobe affected

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17
Q

can you get acute bronchopneumonia in more than one lobe?

A

yes

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18
Q

Can you tell what bacteria is infecting based on lobar vs. bronchopneumonia?

A

Nope

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19
Q

Do you see more lobar or bronchopneumonia these days?

A

bronchopneumonia, lobar was more pre-antibiotic era

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20
Q

What determines the pattern of consolidation from a pneumonia bug?

A

lots of things: patient defenses, virulence of organism

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21
Q

What causes 90% of lobar pneumonias?

A

streptococcus

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22
Q

What can be present in sputum of lobar pneumonia

A

gram positive diplococci

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23
Q

4 stages of lobar pneumonia

A

congestion
red hepatization
gray hepatization
resolution

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24
Q

What happens in lobar pneumonia congestion?

A

alveoli get filled with crap, lots of neutrophil and dead bugs

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25
Q

Why is red hepatization in lobar pneumonia red?

A

hemorrhage as RBCs are squeezed out of epithelial cells due to congested capillaries

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26
Q

Why is grey hepatization grey?

A

alveoli full of macrophages, neutrophils and fibrin

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27
Q

What age group(s) does acute bronchopneumonia occur?

A

young or old

28
Q

is acute bronchopneumonia usually primary?

A

usually secondary to COPD, heart failure, cancer, CF

29
Q

Can you get acute bronchopneumonia as a secondary infection after a what?

A

viral URTI

30
Q

Bronchiole has no what?

A

cartilage

31
Q

What’s pleurasy?

A

inflammation of pleura

32
Q

what causes lung abcesses? 4 things

A

staph, klebsiella, pseudomonas
aspiration
tumours
septic emboli

33
Q

Interstitial inflammation pneumonia commonly caused by what 2 things?

A

bacterial (atypical pneumonia)

viral

34
Q

Other non-infection causes of Interstitial inflammation pneumonia? 3 things

A

drugs, immune diseases, radiation

35
Q

Pathology of Interstitial inflammation pneumonia? 2 things

A

alveolar septa inflammed and infiltrated

bronchiolitis

36
Q

Are there alveolar neutrophils in Interstitial inflammation pneumonia?

A

Nope

37
Q

consolidation in Interstitial inflammation pneumonia?

A

Nope

38
Q

How would you describe macroscopically Interstitial inflammation pneumonia lung?

A

wet, dark, heavy

39
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, coxiella burnetti, legionella, chlamydia are bacterial causes for what?

A

atypical pneumonia

40
Q

Patient comes in with: systemic symptoms, malaise, aches, pains, headaches, dry non-productive cough and ambulatory with extensive radiological signs. what could it be?

A

atypical pneumonia

41
Q

TB is defined as?

A

chronic granulomatous pneumonia due to infection with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

42
Q

Where does a lot of the damage come from in TB?

A

secondary infection cause the immune system goes berserker

43
Q

in primary TB where is the usual area of inflamm?

A

periphery of lungs, heals up, lies dormant

44
Q

Gohn focus plus nodes =

A

Gohn complex

45
Q

Size of granulomas

A

2mm!

46
Q

what does epithelioid mean?

A

rounded

47
Q

Where do you find multinucleated giant cells?

A

in granulomas

48
Q

TB is an example of what kind of hypersensitivity? what promotes formation of granulomas?

A

Type IV

49
Q

Gohn focus is made of what?

A

granulomatous inflammation and caseation

50
Q

What on the lung is indicative of secondary TB?

A

cavitation

51
Q

secondary TB usually involved what kind of pneumonia? lobar or bronchopneumonia?

A

lobar

52
Q

where do you normally get secondary TB damage on the lungs?

A

apical areas of upper lobes

53
Q

What is haemoptysis when does it occur?

A

erosion of blood vessels in secondary TB

54
Q

How would TB spread via airways?

A

erosion into the bronchial tree leading to cavitation/spread

55
Q

TB clinical features

A

insidious onset, weight loss, malaise, fevers, night sweats, haemoptysis, chronic cough

56
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis are cocci, bacilli or spirilli?

A

bacilli

57
Q

What is Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall made of?

A

mycolic acid

58
Q

what does acid fast mean for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

retains dyes even after attempts at decolourisation with acid

59
Q

what stain for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Ziehl-Neelson

60
Q

Ways Mycobacterium tuberculosis can spread?

A

lymph

61
Q

How do you get Miliary TB?

A

spread in blood stream

62
Q

Can you get miliary TB in primary TB?

A

yes, both primary and secondary

63
Q

What organs are affected by miliary TB?

A

liver
spleen
bone marrow
brain

64
Q

2 organs in single organ TB are?

A

spine

urogenital tract

65
Q

what’s potts disease?

A

spine TB

66
Q

When do you get single organ TB?

A

secondary TB with caseation

67
Q

abcesses in atypical pneumonia?

A

Nope.

Jason's Respiratory Block (20 decks)

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