neuro drugs Flashcards
1
Q
Ethosuximide
A
- blocks Ca channels (unique mechanism of action)
- DOC for Absence
- EFGHIJ: Ethosuximide causes fatigue, GI distress, HA, Itching and steven-Johson
2
Q
Benzos
A
- DOC for status epilepticus
- potentiates GABA action
3
Q
Phenytoin
A
- DOC for partial seizures + tonic clonic
- Na channel inactivation
- gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, fetal hydantoin syndrome, SLE-like syndrome, induces P450, SJ
4
Q
Carbamazepine
A
- DOC for partial seizures and tonic clonic
- DOC for trigeminal neuralgia
- Na channel inactivation
- agranulocytosis + aplastic anemia, liver toxicity, teratogenicity, induce P450, SJ
5
Q
Valproic acid
A
- DOC for partial seizures and Tonic-Clonic
- NA channel inactivation, increase GABA concentration
- neural tube defects, hepatotoxicity
6
Q
Gabapentin
A
- adjuvant for partial and tonic-clonic seizures
- inhibits Ca channels
- also used for peripheral neuropathy, post-herpetic neuralgia, migrain prophylaxis
7
Q
phenobarbital
A
- partial and tonic-clonic seizures
- increase GABA action
- induce P450, cardioresp depression
8
Q
Topiramate
A
- Partial and tonic-clonic seizures
- blocks Na channels
9
Q
Lamotrigine
A
- varied use
- blocks Na chanenels
- SJ syndrome
10
Q
Tigabine
A
- partial seizures
- inhitis GABA reuptake
11
Q
general principles of anesthetics
A
- higher lipid solubility = higher potency (1/MAC)
- lower blood solubility = rapid induction and recovery
- NO2 has low blood and lipid solubility – rapid induction, low potency
12
Q
inhaled anesthetics
A
- Halothane - Hepatotoxicity
- Methoxyflurane - Nephrotoxicity (meth=neph)
- Enflurane - proconvulsant
- isoflurane
- sevoflurane
- NO
- SE common to all: myocardial and respiratory depression, Nausea, increased CBF
13
Q
IV anesthetics
A
- thiopental (barb): high potency and rapid induction but rapid redistribution
- decreases CBF (brain sx)
- Midazolam (benzo): endoscopy
- Ketamine: PCP analog –> disassociative anesthesia and bad SE (bad trip)
- increased CBF (lots of brain activity)
- Morphine and fentanyl (Opiods) -adjuvant to prevent waking up from pain)
- Propofol: rapid induction, short procedures (potentiates GABA)
14
Q
local anesthetics
A
- esters: cocaine, procaine, tetracaine
- amides: lidocaine, mepivicaine, bupivicaine (2 i’s)
- block Na channels
- pain —> pressure (small myelinated—> large unmyelinated)
15
Q
NMJ blocking drugs
A
- succinylcholine = depolarizing (ACh receptor agonist)
- phase I: prolonged depolarization (no antidote)
- phase II: spent phase
- tubucurarine, atracurium, rocuronium, vecuronium = non-depolarizing (ACh antagonists)
- reversal of blockade with neostigmine (AChE inhibitor)
