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Psychology > April 10 > Flashcards

April 10 Flashcards

0
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls muscle tone and balance

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1
Q

Hindbrain

A 
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Reticular activating system (RAS)
Pons 
Thalamus
Oldest part of the brain to develop in evolutionary terms
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2
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Controls involuntary actions, such as breathing, digestion, heart rate, and swallowing (basic life functions)

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3
Q

Reticular activating system (RAS)

A

Controls arousal (wakefulness and alertness) aka reticular formation

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4
Q

Pons

A

Latin for “bridge”, passes neural information from one brain region to another
Also implicated in REM sleep

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5
Q

Thalamus

A

Relays sensory information, receives and directs sensory information from visual and auditory systems

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6
Q

Midbrain

A

Major components: tectum and tegmentum

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7
Q

Tectum vs tegmentum

A

Tectum: brains roof
Tegmentum: brains floor
Govern visual and auditory reflexes such as orienting to a sight or sound

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8
Q

Forebrain

A

Limbic system, hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus

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9
Q

Hippocampus

A

Involved in processing and integrating memories
Damage here does not eliminate existing memories bc memories are stored in the neocortex, but rather it prevents the formation of new memories

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10
Q

Condition of damage to hippocampus: anterograde amnesia

A

Damage here does not eliminate existing memories bc memories are stored in the neocortex, but rather it prevents the formation of new memories

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11
Q

Amygdala

A

Implicated in the expression of anger and frustration

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12
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Wrinkled outer layer of the brain

Involved in higher cognitive functions such as thinking, planning, language use, and fine motor controls

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13
Q

Sensory cortex

A

Receives sensory input

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14
Q

Motor cortex

A

Sends out motor information

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15
Q

Left cerebral hemisphere

A

Specialized for language processing

First noticed by Paul Broca

16
Q

Paul Broca

A

Observed that the brain damage to the left hemisphere in stroke patients resulted in expressive aphasia or loss of ability to speak (aka aphasia)
Left hemisphere known as Broca’s area

17
Q

Carl Wernicke

A

Discovered an area in the left temporal lobe that, when damage in stroke patients, resulted in receptive aphasia
Wemicke’s area

18
Q

Receptive amnesia

A

Inability to comprehend speech

19
Q

Right hemisphere

A

Processes certain kinds of visual and spatial information

20
Q

Roger Sperry

A

Demonstrated that the two hemispheres of the braincan operate independently of each other
Performed split brain patients, who had their corpus callosums severed to control their epileptic seizure

21
Q

Contralateral processing

A

Can describe objects without deficit if presented in the right visual field (processed on the left, more verbal side of the brain) but have great difficulty in drawing the image; whereas if the image is presented in the left visual field (and processed in the more visual right side of the brain) the person can draw or choose the object but cannot explain it verbally

22
Q

Four lobes

A

Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, Temporal lobe, occipital lobe

23
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Responsible for higher-level thought and reasoning

Including working memory, paying attention, solving problems, making plans, forming judgments, and performing movements

24
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Handles somatosensory information and is the home of the primary somatosensory cortex
Received information about temperature, pressure, texture, and pain

25
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Handles auditory input and is critical processing speech and appreciating music

26
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Processes is visual input

Crosses the optic chiasma

27
Q

Association areas

A

Much of the cerebral cortex is composed of this

Responsible for associating information in the sensory and motor cortices

28
Q

Damage to association areas

A

Can lead to a variety of dysfunction, including apraxia, agnosia, and alexia

29
Q

Apraxia

A

The inability to organize movement

30
Q

Agnosia

A

A difficulty processing sensory input

31
Q

Alexia

A

The inability to read

32
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Controls the temperature and water balance of the body, controls hunger and sex drive, orchestrates the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system

33
Q

Lateral hypothalamus

A

The on switch for eating

Lesion to this would cause obesity and death from overheating

34
Q

Vetromedial hypothalamus

A

Off switch for eating

Lesion to this would lead to decreased hunger drive

Psychology (11 decks)

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