Chem - Kabuusu

Question 1

How much blood do you collect for biochemistry? In what tubes?

Answer 1

2 mL

Lithium Heparin & Plain Tube

Question 2

When should blood be analyzed for biochem?

Answer 2

<1-2 days

Question 3

Refrigerated blood should be analyzed when?

Answer 3

<2 days

Question 4

When can frozen blood can be analyzed?

Answer 4

< 3 weeks (some results may change)

Question 5

What are the markers of kidney dz?

Answer 5

BUN (urea) & creatine

always look @ together

Question 6

How is BUN formed in the liver?

Answer 6

From ammonia due to bacT action in the bowel & protein catabolism

Question 7

Is Urea (BUN) toxic?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

High [urea] is a good indicator of what?

Answer 8

other toxic products

Question 9

Can you use BUN to estimate GFR?

Answer 9

Not a good estimator; BUN is reabsorbed in the kidney tubules

Question 10

When will BUN increase in the blood?

Answer 10

Only increases when 75% of nephrons are destroyed

Question 11

What are some non-renal factors that effect [urea]?

Answer 11

GI hemorrhage
Advanced liver dz
Species differences
Uroperiteum

Question 12

A small increase in [BUN] is significant in what 2 species?

Answer 12

Ruminants

Equines

Question 13

What is the term for raised BUN, creatinine or both?

Answer 13

Azotemia

Question 14

Azotemia can be?

Answer 14

Pre-renal
Renal
Post-renal

Question 15

What can you use to get a good measure of GFR?

Answer 15

Creatinine

Question 16

What is creatinine a breakdown product of?

Answer 16

muscle metabolism

Question 17

When will Creatinine increase in the blood?

Answer 17

When 80% of nephrons are damaged

Question 18

Creatinine is more____ & less _____ than BUN.

Answer 18

specific

sensitive

Question 19

Is creatinine affected by species, reabsorbed or effected in the GIT?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

What is the clinical significance of decreased serum creatinine?

Answer 20

Not clinically significant

Question 21

What is Uremia?

Answer 21

Raised urea & creatinine + clinical signs

Question 22

What is the best measurement for renal failure in birds? (TQ)

Answer 22

Uric acid

Question 23

Urine Protein/Creatinine (UPC) ratio is an indicator of what?

Answer 23

quantification of urinary protein loss –> protein losing neuropathy (PLN)

Question 24

A UPC ratio >1 in benign sediment confirms what dz? (TQ)

Answer 24

Protein Losing Neuropathy (PLN)

Question 25

A very high UPC ratio indicates what?

Answer 25

severe proteinuria

Question 26

What makes up the minimum data base?

Answer 26

CBC/Chem

Urinalysis

Question 27

What are the clinical uses of Urinalysis?

Answer 27

Interpret CBC/Chem
Assess glomerular integrity, metabolic status & renal tubular fxn
Identify inflammation

Question 28

What will you see in a “spot” urine sample?

Answer 28

epithelial cells & bacT from lower UT

Question 29

What will you see in a catherterized urine sample?

Answer 29

Bacteria & trace blood false positive