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Ultrasound Physics > Ch 22: Quality Assurance > Flashcards

Ch 22: Quality Assurance Flashcards

1
Q

This is the routine periodic evaluation of an u/s system to guarantee optimal image quality.

A

quality assurance (QA)

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2
Q

QA evals must be performed how often?

A

periodically and routinely

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3
Q

Four requirements for a QA program are:

  1. __ of system components
  2. repairs
  3. __ maintenance
  4. __ keeping
A

assessment, preventive, record

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4
Q

Five goals of a QA program are:

  1. guarantee proper system __
  2. detect gradual __
  3. minimize __
  4. reduce the # of __ exams
  5. reduce the # of __ scans
A

operation, changes, downtime, non-diagnostic, repeat

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5
Q

Three kinds of QA phantoms:

A
  1. tissue equivalent
  2. Doppler
  3. beam profile/slice thickness
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6
Q

Proper methods for a QA program are:

  1. test under __ conditions
  2. use __ instrument settings
  3. use a phantom with __
  4. image in an __
A

defined, constant, measurable characteristics, identical environment

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7
Q

T/F? Subjective information is factual and repeatable.

A

FALSE, objective

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8
Q

T/F? A subjective statement is influenced by a person’s experience and beliefs.

A

true

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9
Q

QA programs should be base on (objective/subjective) standards.

A

objective

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10
Q

This kind of phantom is used to evaluate gray scale and tissue texture.

A

tissue equivalent

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11
Q

In what ways is a tissue equivalent phantom similar to soft tissue?

A
  1. speed of sound
  2. attenuation
  3. scattering characteristics
  4. echogenicity
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12
Q

This kind of phantom is used to evaluate Doppler systems.

A

Doppler phantom

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13
Q

This kind of phantom includes a circulation pump which propels fluid through ‘vessels’.

A

Doppler phantom

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14
Q

T/F? Doppler phantoms can assess pulsed and continuous wave Doppler, but not color and power mode.

A

FALSE, all Doppler modalities

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15
Q

This kind of phantom evaluates slice thickness and elevational resolution.

A

slice thickness phantom

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16
Q

This kind of phantom contains a diffuse scattering plane that is at an angle to the incident sound beam.

A

slice thickness phantom

17
Q

T/F? Soft tissue phantom can be used to measure slice thickness.

A

FALSE, only slice thickness phantoms

18
Q

This refers to the ability of a system to display low-level echoes.

A

sensitivity

19
Q

Two forms of sensitivity are…

A

normal and maximum.

20
Q

At this sensitivity setting, all the pins, solid masses, and cystic structures in the test phantom are accurately displayed.

A

normal

21
Q

All subsequent QA and performance measurements are made at __ sensitivity.

A

normal

22
Q

T/F? Normal sensitivity setting should not vary from one test to the next.

A

true

23
Q

At this sensitivity setting, the output power and amplification of the system are at maximum practical levels.

A

maximum

24
Q

At which sensitivity level is the depth of the display measured?

A

maximum

25
Q

This is the region close to the transducer where images are inaccurate.

A

the dead zone

26
Q

The dead zone results from the time it takes the system to…

A

switch from transmit to receive mode.

27
Q

__ frequency transducers have a thinner dead zone than __ frequency transducers.

A

Higher, lower

28
Q

This can be positioned between the transducer and the patient to allow accurate imaging of superficial structures.

A

acoustic standoff or gel pad

29
Q

This is the ability of the system to place reflections in proper position while imaging from different orientations.

A

registration accuracy

30
Q

This describes the system’s accuracy in placing reflectors at correct depths located parallel to the sound beam.

A

range accuracy or vertical depth calibration

31
Q

An increasingly deeper dead zone may indicate a…

A

cracked crystal, detached backing material, or a longer pulse duration.

32
Q

Errors in range accuracy may be caused by…

A

system malfunction or the phantom sound speed not being 1540 m/s.

33
Q

This is the system’s ability to place echoes in their correct position when the reflectors are perpendicular to the sound beam

A

horizontal calibration

34
Q

Digital calipers should be checked in __ directions.

A

both vertical and horizontal

35
Q

The accuracy of reflector depth positioning in A-, M-, B-mode and 2-D imaging is called…

A

depth calibration.

36
Q

Axial resolution tests use pins that are __ to the sound beam.

A

parallel

37
Q

Lateral resolution tests use pins that are __ to the sound beam.

A

perpendicular

38
Q

This kind of phantom is used to evaluate the dimension, texture, and fill-in of cysts.

A

tissue equivalent

Ultrasound Physics (23 decks)

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