Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

xPharm Exam 3 > Vaccines and Immunoglobulins > Flashcards

Vaccines and Immunoglobulins Flashcards

1
Q

Diptheria

A
  • Agent: Corynebacterium diptheriae (endotoxin)
  • Vaccine: Toxoid; 16u for kids, 2u booster adult [TQ]
  • Causes: sore throat, myocarditis, neuritis, paralysis, 5-10% fatal
  • Misc.: vaccine does not eliminate carrier state
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pertussis

A
  • Agent: Bordetella pertussis
  • Vaccine:
    • Accellular: contains toxin, good efficacy, few ADRs
    • Whole cell: all components, more ADRs, not used
  • Causes: whooping cough (prodrome 1-2 weeks, cough 1-6 weeks, convalescence months)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tetanus

A
  • Agent: Clostridium tetani
  • Vaccine: Toxoid; every 10 years [TQ]
  • Causes: tonic spasms, muscle stiffness (jaw, neck), highly fatal
  • Misc.: over-immunization causes hypersensitivity immune complex reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DTap

A
  • For: infants
  • Covers: diptheria, tetanus, pertussis
  • Vaccine: 3 injections, boosted at 12-16 mo and 4-6 yrs
  • Misc: vaccination against diptheria and tetanus (Td) should continue through life at 10 year intervals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TdaP

A
  • For: older children and adults [TQ]
  • Covers: pertussis protection with Td
  • Vaccine: adolescent single dose booster, adult single dose (before pregnancy or infant contact)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

H Influenzae type b (Hib)

A
  • Agent: Haemophilus influenzae (6 types)
  • Vaccine: 2 or 3 doses for primary series, boost as with DtaP
  • Causes: leading cause of invasive bacterial disease in children, severe in those <2
  • Misc.: 1st of conjugate vaccines (mult. products, interchangeable)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hepatitis A

A
  • Agent: Hepatitis A virus (no carrier state)
  • Vaccine: 2 dose series, 6 mo apart (lasts 5 years)
  • For: all infants and un-immunized children/adolescents (not routine for food service or day care workers)
  • Causes: fecal/oral, acute onset,
  • Misc.: if outbreak occurs, give immunoglobulin and not vaccine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hepatitis B

A
  • Agent: Hepatitis B virus (carrier state)
  • Vaccine: 3 doses of recombinant HBV surface antigen
  • For: universally given to all infants
  • Causes: blood/mucosal/contact, insidious onset, 6-10% become chronic
  • Misc.: give infants of HBV+ moms HBIG with vaccine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HBIG

A
  • Agent: HBV
  • Vaccine: Immune Globulin, .5 ml within 12 hrs
  • For: neonates with HBsAG+ moms
  • Misc.: also give HBV vaccine as well
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

HPV

A
  • Agent: human papilloma virus (>100 types)
  • Vaccine: quadravalent 6, 11, 16, 18; bivalent 16, 18 [TQ]
    • Gardasil (quad.): 3 injections over 6 mo
  • For: sexually active men and women aged 9-26
  • Causes: cervical cancer, cervical dysplasia, genital warts (90% caused by 6, 11 [TQ])
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Influenza

A
  • Agent:
  • Vaccine: differs each year based on current strains [TQ]
    • Inactivated IM vaccine:
      • split virus: for infants and children
      • surface antigen: older children and adults
    • Intranasal live attenuated vaccine:
      • healthy 5-49 years old
  • For: >65, healthcare workers, high risk (heart, resp, renal, DM)
  • Causes: the flu
  • Misc.: given once a year, in mid sept-dec, 2-4 weeks to be protective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Measles

A
  • Agent: Rubeola virus
  • Vaccine: live virus, lifelong immunity
  • For: not for infants under 1 year (transplacentally aquired antibodies)
  • Causes: highly contageous, infective in droplet form
  • Misc.: egg protein allergies, give vaccine during epidemics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mumps

A
  • Agent: mumps virus
  • Vaccine: attenuated virus
  • For: after 1 year
  • Causes: glandular and nervous tissue, enlarged salivary glands, meningitis, orchitis, pancreatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rubella

A
  • Agent: rubella virus
  • Vaccine: may resul in viremia, fever, arthritis
  • Causes: 3 day measles; growth/mental retardation, cataracts, microcephaly, deafness, heart disease in unborn babies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MMR

A
  • Covers: measles, mumps, rubella
  • Vaccine: live, attenuated, trivalent vaccine; prepared in chick embryo cell culture
  • For: everyone over 1 year, all born after 1956 need 2 doses
  • Caution: pregnancy (bc baby could get rubella), egg and neomycin allergy
  • Misc.: during measles outbreak, the vaccine is admisnistered within 72 hours, providing protection and prevention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neisseria Meningitidis

A
  • Agent: 5 serogroups: A, B, C, Y and W135
  • Vaccine: MPSV4, MenACWY, HiB MenCY
  • Causes: meningitis and sepsis, rapid onset, highest in infancy and age 18, similar to flu, 10% die
  • Misc.: occurs more in winter and spring
17
Q

MPSV4

A
  • Covers: neisseria meningitidis serotype A
  • Vaccine: Menomune
  • For: infants older than 3 mo, 2 doses 3 mo apart, revaccinate 2-3 yr later; provides immunity for only 3-5 years
  • Causes: meningitis and sepsis
  • Misc.: will be phased out
18
Q

MenACWY

A
  • Agent: N. meningitidis serotypes A, C, W and Y
  • Vaccine: conjugated, menactra and menveo
  • For: children >9 mo and those not vaccinated prior to HS and college; adults in close quarters, international travelers, bad spleens
  • Causes: meningitis and sepsis
  • Misc.: local reacitons common, guillain-barre syndrome
19
Q

HiB MenCY

A
  • Covers: N. meningitidis C and Y; Hib
  • Vaccine: conjugated; MenHibrix
  • For: very young (2, 4, 6, and 12-15 mo)
  • Causes: meningitis and sepsis
20
Q

Pneumococcal Disease

A
  • Vaccine:
    • Conjugate: 13 valent
    • Unconjugated: polysaccharide 23 valent
  • For:
    • Conjugate: <2 years, 4 doses
    • Unconjugated: 55-65 years and chronic diseased, boost in 6 years
  • Misc.: protection is not lifelong, can be impaired by underlying disease
21
Q

Poliovirus

A
  • Agent: entero polio virus
  • Vaccine: 4 dose schedule, Salk (IPV inactivated, dead); Sabin (live, no longer used)
  • For: children
  • Causes: oral/fecal; resides in GI and invades blood and CNS
  • Misc.: almost eradicated in west
22
Q

Rotavirus

A
  • Agent: rotavirus
  • Vaccine: live oral monovalent or pentavalent; 2-3 doses (all done by 32 weeks of age)
  • For: under <32 weeks of age
  • Causes: leading cause of infantile and early childhood vomiting and diarrhea
  • Misc.: symptom efficacy 70%; ADRs include diarrhea, vomiting, otitis, nasopharyngitis, bronchospasm
23
Q

Variccella

A
  • Agent: varicella-chickenpox
  • Vaccine: live-attenuated; 1 dose at 1 yr and repeat at 12-13 years; 2 doses for >13 yrs (4-8 wks apart)
  • For: all children over 1 year
  • Causes: airborne virus or direct contact; milder disease if vaccinated and still contract
  • Misc.: avoid salicylates for 6 wks to prevent Reye’s [TQ]; avoid pregnancy for 1 month
24
Q

Herpes Zoster Vaccine

A
  • Agent: herpes zoster virus
  • Vaccine: safe and effective
  • For: adults >60 years
  • Causes: used to reduce shingles, postherpetic neuralgia, and pain burden of shingles

xPharm Exam 3 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions