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xPharm Exam 3 > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

DOC: Partial Simple Seizure

A
  • Phenytoin

- Carbamazepine

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2
Q

DOC: Partial Complex Seisure

A
  • Phenytoin

- Carbamazepine

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3
Q

DOC: Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizure

A
  • Phenytoin

- Carbamazepine [TQ]

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4
Q

DOC: Generalized Absence Seizure

A

-Ethosuximide

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5
Q

DOC: Generalized Myoclonic Seizure

A

-Carbamazepine

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6
Q

DOC: Status Epilepticus

A

-Phenytoin + Diazepam

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7
Q

Phenytoin

1st Generation AED

A
  • MOA: decreases Na and Ca ions, reducing propagation of abnormal impulses in brain
  • Uses: partial seizures, tonic/clonic seizures, SE
  • ADRs: CNS depression, GI, gingival hyperplasia, megaloblastic anemia
  • DO NOT TREAT ABSENCE SEIZURES [TQ]
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8
Q

Fosphenytoin

1st Generation AED

A
  • MOA: prodrug for phenytoin [TQ], IV only
  • Pros: faster, reduced ADRs
  • Cons: 5 day max use
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9
Q

Carbamazepine

1st Generation AED

A
  • MOA: blocks Na channels
  • Uses: partial seizures, tonic/clonic seizures, trigeminal neuralgia
  • ADRs: stupor, coma, respiratory depression, aplastic anemia
  • Autoinduction, takes 3-5 weeks [TQ]
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10
Q

Ethosuximide

1st Generation AED

A
  • MOA: reduces threshold for Ca currents in thalamic neurons
  • Uses: absence seisuzes
  • ADRs: N/V, anorexia, drowsiness
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11
Q

Phenobarbital

1st Generation AED

A
  • MOA: barbituate, enhanced GABA inhibition, increasing seizure threshold
  • Uses: partial seizures, tonic/clonic seizures
  • ADRs: sedation, nystagmus, megaloblastic anemia, osteomalacia
  • Interactions: warfarin, valproic acid, phenytoin
  • Primidone/Mysoline: metabolized to phenobarbital
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12
Q

Valproic Acid

1st Generation AED

A
  • MOA: elevated levels of GABA, effects Na channels
  • Uses: absence seizures, partial and generalized seizures
  • ADRs: N/V, sedation, ataxia
  • Interactions: phenobarbital, phenytoin
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13
Q

Benzodiazepines

1st Generation AED

A
  • MOA: enhances GABA transmission
  • Uses: rapid/temporary SE seizures termination, adjunctive for all seizures
  • ADRs: drowsiness, lethargy, CNS depression (narcotics, TCAs)
  • Drugs: diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, clonazepam
  • Acute toxicity is low vs. dosage
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14
Q

Felbamate

2nd Generation AED

A
  • MOA: GABA
  • Uses: 3rd line partial seizures, 2nd line Lennox-Gastaut
  • ADRs: 2 black box warnings (aplastic anemia, hepatic failure), insomnia, dizziness
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15
Q

Gabapentin

2nd Generation AED

A
  • MOA: GABA agonist
  • Properties: anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, neuroprotectant
  • Uses: adjunct partial seizures, neuropathic pain, psych disorders
  • ADRs: somnolence, dizziness, ataxia
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16
Q

Lamotrigine

2nd Generation AED

A
  • MOA: blocks Na channels
  • Uses: adjunct partial and generalized seizures, bipolar
  • ADRs: rash (black box), dizziness, ataxia
  • Interactions valproic acid, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital
17
Q

Levetiracetam

2nd Generation AED

A
  • MOA: derivative of piracetam (improves cognition), similar to gabapentin
  • Uses: adjunct in partial and generalized seizures
  • ADRs: somnolence, psychosis, agitation
  • RDA for renal dysfunction
18
Q

Oxcarbazepine

2nd Generation AED

A
  • MOA: blocks Na channels
  • Uses: adjunct partial seizures
  • ADRs: hyponatremia, ataxia, HA, less than carbamazepine
  • Prodrug and carbamazepine analogue [TQ]
19
Q

Pregabalin

2nd Generation AED

A
  • MOA: binds Ca channels, inhibits excitatory neurotransmitter release
  • Uses: peripheral neuropathies, fibromyalgia, adjunct partial seizures (decreases frequency)
  • ADRs: somnolence, dizziness, dry mouth, weight gain
  • RDA and taper upon withdrawal
20
Q

Tiagabine

2nd Generation AED

A
  • MOA: GABA mediated
  • Uses: adjunct partial seizures, infantile spasm, psych disorders
  • ADRs: CNS, abdominal pain
  • Interactions: does NOT interact with hepatic enzymes
21
Q

Topiramate

2nd Generation AED

A
  • MOA: blocks Na, enhances GABA
  • Uses: adjunct partial and generalized seizures
  • ADRs: CNS, weight loss, nephrolithiasis
  • Interactions: phenytoin, VPA, birth control
22
Q

Zonisamide

2nd Generation AED

A
  • MOA: Blocks Na and Ca channels
  • Uses: adjunct partial seizures, Lennox-Gestaut, not for kids
  • ADRs: dizziness, oligohydrosis, not for sulfa allergies
  • Interactions: carbamazepine, phenybarbitol, valproic acid
23
Q

Vigabiran

2nd Generation AED

A
  • MOA: analog to GABA
  • Uses: DOC for infantile spasms
  • ADRs: psychoses, irreversible vision damage
  • Interactions: phenytoin
  • Restricted distribution (SHARE) program
24
Q

Drugs that block Na channels:

A
  • Phenytoin
  • Carbamazepine
  • Oxcarbazepine
  • Lamotrigine
  • Topiramate
  • Zonisamide
  • Felbamate
  • Valproic Acid

COLT PFVZ

25
Q

Drugs mediated by GABA transmission

A

-Tiagabine

26
Q

Drugs that enhance GABA

A
  • Benzos
  • Topiramate
  • Felbamate
  • Valproic Acid
  • Vigabiran

VV FTB

27
Q

Drugs that block Thymus Ca channels

A
  • Ethozuximide
  • Zonisamide

EZ

28
Q

Drugs that block other Ca channels

A
  • Gabapentin
  • Pregabalin
  • Phenytoin

xPharm Exam 3 (4 decks)

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