4/9 (absent)

Question 1

What are the 3 major ways to maintain biodiversity

Answer 1

1. protection
2. conservation
3. restoration

Question 2

What was the original purpose of protected natural areas

Answer 2

• other than biodiversity protection

- recreation, scenic beauty

Question 3

What are the ecological consequences of initial natural areas

Answer 3

• poor rep. of biodiversity
• lack of long term viability
• not designed for preserving biodiversity, fail to retain initial diversity

Question 4

what is a protected natural area

Answer 4

-a geographically defined area which is designated, regulated and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives

Question 5

current expectations

Answer 5

protect essential ecological processes & accommodate human use and occupancy

Question 6

whats required for a protected natural area

Answer 6

• select (area with rep. of biodiversity)
• design )areas insure viability)
• manage (reduce threats)

Question 7

what are hotspots

Answer 7

areas on s surface with large percentages of species: (44% plant, 28% bird, 54% amphibian)
about 2/3 animal species on planet

Question 8

What are the 7 levels of prot. established by th IUCN with example

Answer 8

1. Strict Nature Reserve (Aldabra island)
2. Wilderness Area (artic national wildlife refuge)
3. national park (yellowstone)
   4.natural monument (saguaro)
   5.habitat/species management area (horicon marsh)
   6.protected lanscape/seascape
   (cape cod)
4. managed resource protected area (us national forests)

Question 9

how many protected areas exist

Answer 9

cover 10% of earth’s land surface (27% of US)

over 161,000