2.2 Flashcards
(19 cards)
molecules capable of transmitting
biological information from parent
cells to its daughter cells
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are made up of basic building blocks
called _________.
-are made up of a
sugar-phosphate backbone and
the nitrogenous base
Nucleotides
The nitrogenous base may either be
a ___________ or a ____________
purine
pyrimidine
types of nucleic acid
Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA)
Ribonucliec Acid(RNA)
CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
1.
2.
3.
DNA replication (synthesis of
DNA)
transcription (synthesis of RNA)
translation (synthesis of protein)
the central dogma is replicated in a ______________ ________ where a
newly synthesized molecule contains an old strand from
the parent DNA and a newly formed strand
Semi-conservative manner
process of DNA replication is divided into three subspaces ______, _________, __________
initiation, elongation and termination
characterized by the separation of complementary
strands of DNA into single strands that will serve as
templates for the synthesis of new strands.
initiation of DNA replication
is the
enzyme responsible for breaking the hydrogen bonds
between the two complementary strands.
helix-unwinding protein or the helicase
In DNA replication, The strands are then kept from getting back together
by several _____________________________________________ that bind to the single strand.
single stranded binding proteins (SSBPs)
on the other hand are responsible
for relaxing the twisting tension formed during the
unwinding of the DNA.
Topoisomerases
Once the templates are exposed, short sequences of RNA are
synthesized by the enzyme _____________ that will serve as primers for the
elongation process.
primase
Once the primers are attached, the __________________________ can now proceed
elongation process
adds
nucleotide triphosphates complementary to the
DNA template which starts from the 3’-OH end of
the primer.
DNA polymerase III
The complement strand that is being synthesized
using the 3’ to 5’ template elongates in the same
direction as the unwinding fork, that is why it is
called the _______________
- The elongation of this
strand requires only one primer and proceeds
continuously in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
leading strand
replication of this strand requires
multiple primers,
Lagging strand
multiple discontinuous segments of
complementary DNA called
Okazaki fragments
acts for proofreading the DNA
molecule. It also removes the RNA primers via its exonuclease activity then replaces
it with DNA nucleotides.
DNA Polymerase I
This process then leaves a nick or a break along the
sugar-phosphate backbone of the replicated DNA. These nicks are then sealed by
another enzyme called
Ligase
