2.2/2.3 Key Words

Question 1

Proton

Answer 1

`Relative mass 1
Relative charge +1
Found in nucleus

Question 2

Neutron

Answer 2

Relative mass 1
Relative charge 0
Found in nucleus

Question 3

Electron

Answer 3

Relative mass 1/1836
Relative charge -1
Found in shells

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

Proton number = electron number
Arbitrary neutron number
Overall charge 0
Protons + neutrons = mass

Question 5

Ion

Answer 5

Unequal numbers of protons and electrons, overall charge
Non-metals - negative anions
Metals - positive cations

Question 6

Atomic number

Answer 6

Proton number

Question 7

Ionic charge

Answer 7

Relative charge of ions when relative charge of:
Proton +1
Neutron 0
Electron -1

Question 8

Relative atomic mass

Answer 8

Weighted mean average of all the isotopes of an element relative to 1/12th the mass of one atom of carbon-12

Question 9

Isotope

Answer 9

Particle with equal atomic number but different mass number - same number of protons, different number of neutrons

Question 10

Relative isotopic mass

Answer 10

Mass of one atom of an isotope relative to 1/12th the mass of one atom of carbon-12

Question 11

Relative molecular mass

Answer 11

Sum of all relative atomic masses of elements in a compound multiplied by the subscript numbers in the molecular formula

Question 12

The mole

Answer 12

Number of particles in 12g of carbon-12

6.02 x 10^23

Question 13

Avogadro constant

Answer 13

1/12th the mass of one atom of carbon-12

Question 14

Molar mass

Answer 14

Mass in grams of 1 mole of a compound, element or particle

Question 15

Molar gas volume

Answer 15

1 mole of gas occupies 24dm^3 at RTP
RT - 298K
RP - 100kPa

Question 16

Empirical formula

Answer 16

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of elements in a compound

Question 17

Molecular formula

Answer 17

Number of atoms of elements in a compound

Question 18

Stoichiometric ratio

Answer 18

Molar ratio given by coefficients in balanced symbol equation

Question 19

Spectator ion

Answer 19

Ion which is unchanged in charge or state during a reaction

Question 20

Ionic equation

Answer 20

Equation showing changes in charges and states of ions in a reaction

Question 21

Titration

Answer 21

Experiment to determine concentration of a solution, using a solution of known concentration & volume

Question 22

Equation for gas moles

Answer 22

pV = nRT
p = pressure (Pa)
V = volume (m^3)
n = moles (mol)
R = ideal gas constant (8.314jmol^-1k^-1)
T = temperature (K) 273K = 0 degrees Celsius

Question 23

Equation for liquid moles

Answer 23

Moles = concentration (moldm^-3) x volume (dm^3)

Question 24

Equation for solid moles

Answer 24

Moles = mass/Mr

Question 25

Anhydrous

Answer 25

Salt w/ all WOC (water of crystallisation) removed)

Question 26

Hydrated

Answer 26

Salt containing WOC (water of crystallisation)

Question 27

Water of crystallisation

Answer 27

Water molecules within the crystalline structure of a salt which is hydrogen bonded to atoms, not covalently bonded

Question 28

Ideal Gas Law

Answer 28

``` pV = nRT p = pressure (Pa) V = volume (m^3) n = moles (mol) R = ideal gas constant (8.314jmol^-1K^-1) T = temperature (K) 273K = 0 degrees celsius ```

Question 29

Percentage yield

Answer 29

Actual yield/Theoretical yield x 100%

Question 30

Atom economy

Answer 30

Mr of desired product/Sum of all Mr of all reactants x 100%